14.1

What is the difference between a small aircraft and a large aircraft under Part 139?

Large aircraft has >31 seats

Small aircraft has >9 and <30 seats

14.2

What four classifications did AIR 21 reclassify airports into?

1.  Class I

2.  Class II

3.  Class III

4. Class IV

14.3

Of the four airport classes under AIR 21, which one is best defined as those that serve scheduled or unscheduled passenger operations of large and small aircraft?

Class I

(e.g ATL)

14.4

Of the four airport classes under AIR 21, which one is best defined as those that serve scheduled small aircraft passenger operations or unscheduled aircraft passenger operations for large carrier aircraft?

Class II

(e.g. ATH)

14.5

 Of the four airport classes under AIR 21, which one is best defined as those that only serve scheduled passenger operations of small aircraft?

Class III

(e.g EAS airports)

14.6

Of the four airport classes under AIR 21, which one is best defined as those that serve unscheduled passenger operations of large aircraft?

Class IV

(e.g. resorts)

14.7

Under what three circumstances can an air carrier use a non-certificated airport?

1.  Under an emergency

2.  Training flights

3.  If the airport is identified as an air carrier alternate

14.8

What are the two primary objectives of Part 139?

The codification of statutory authority originally provided to issue Airport Operating Certificates to airports serving certain air carriers

and

To establish minimum safety standards to prevent accidents and to mitigate fatalities and injuries.

14.9

What document serves as an extension of Federal Regulations and provides a bridge between the general requirements of Part 139 and the operating environment at each airport taking into account the airport's specific site, activity and configuration?

The Airport Certification Manual

14.10

What should be emphasized in the development of the Airport Certification Manual?

The establishment of responsibility, authority and procedures for Part 139 compliance

14.11

What important questions are successfully addressed when developing the ACM?

1.  WHAT the tasks will be

2. WHO will perform the tasks

3.  HOW the tasks will be performed

4.  WHEN the tasks will be performed

14.12

What is the primary responsibility of airport management?

The safe and efficient operation of the airport IN ACCORDANCE WITH STANDARDS!

14.13

True of False

The limitation of airport operations based on design standards is called an exemption.

FALSE

It is called a limitation

14.14

True or False

The airport can deviate from Part 139 under conditions outside of its control as long as they report this to the FAA within 14 days.

TRUE

A good example is an emergency landing on a runway that does not meet Part 139.

14.15

True of False

An exemption is when the airport can prove that compliance with a Part 139 requirement would be unreasonably costly, burdensome or impractical

TRUE

14.16

What are the four key components of a successful airport self inspection?

1.  Regularly scheduled inspections

2.  Continuous surveillance of certain airport activities

3.  Periodic evaluation of approach slopes

4.  Monitoring of issues

14.17

What eight records are required to be retained by Part 139?

1.  Self Inspection Logs

2.  Airport Condition Logs

3.  Accident/Incident Reports

4.  Airport Fueling

5.  Fuel Training Logs

6.  Personnel Training

7.  Emergency Personnel Training

8.  Movement and Safety Area Training

14.18

What are the six times that an inspection is necessary at an airport?

1.  Daily inspections )prior to first aircraft operation)

2.  Upon any major change in airport surface conditions

3.  When braking action of pilots are deteriorating

4.  After an incident or accident

5.  Whenever stated in the ACM

6.  If contained in a Construction Safety Plan

14.19

What seven design factors affect a pavement's life and integrity?

1.  Aircraft weight

2.  Distribution of load

3.  Material quality

4.  Climatic effects

5.  Mix of traffic

6.  Roughness

7.  Maintenance capabilities

14.20

What two major elements contribute to pavement deterioration?

Weathering and imposed loads on the pavement

14.21

What is the most detrimental factor affecting a paved surface?

H2O

14.22

What is ACN?

The aircraft classification number

14.23

What is PCN?

Pavement Classification Number which indicates the maximum bearing capacity for unrestricted aircraft operations

14.24

What three sources can an airport manager use to find information about ACN and PCN?

1.  Runway data tables on an ALP

2.  An engineering study

3.  Master Plan

14.25

What two broad classification of methods can be used to sample and test the condition of pavement?

Direct

and

Non-Destructive Testing

14.26

What are the three direct testing of pavement methods?

1.  Core Drilling

2.  Drop Test

3. California Bearing Ratio (CBR)

14.27

Which of the three methods of direct pavement testing drops an object from a specified height and takes into consideration the sub-base?

California Bearing Ratio

14.28

What are the three non-destrutive testing methods?

1.  Ground penetrating radar

2.  Infrared themography

3.  Vibratory/Dynamic Test

14.29

What is a Pavement Condition Index?

A score that ranges from '0' to '100' that is given for pavement surfaces at the airport.  

A score of '0' represents no useful life exists for the pavement whereas a score of '100' means no defects in the pavement

14.30

What is the minimum PCI score necessary for air carrier operations?

55

14.31

What provides a consistent, objective and systematic procedure for setting priorities, schedules and allocation of financial resources and budgeting for pavement maintenance and rehabilitation?

Pavement Management System

14.32

What four things affect the elasticity of pavement?

1.  Oxidation

2.  Water

3.  Sun

4.  Contaminants

14.33

How does FAA Form 5010-1 report the condition of pavement at an airport?

1. Good

2. Fair

3. Poor

14.34

What are the three types of hydroplaning?

1.  Dynamic

2.  Viscous

3.  Rubber Reversion

14.35

Of the three types of hydroplaning, which one is best defined as occuring when a wave of water builds up in front of a tire and allows the tire to ride up on a cushion and lose contact?

Dyanmic

14.36

Of the three types of hydroplaning, which one is best defined as occuring when material results in the tire from making positive contact on the pavement?

Viscous

14.37

What are the four methods used to improve aircraft traction?

1.  Pavement grooving

2.  Asphalt pourous friction course

3.  Wire combing

3.  Add sand/glass beads to paint

14.38

What four methods are used to remove rubber from pavement surface?

1.  High pressure water spray

2.  Chemical solvents

3.  High velocity abrasives

4.  Mechanical grinding

14.39

What are the two methods for measuring pavement friction?

1.  Decelerometers (DEC)

2.  Continuous Friction Measuring Equipment (CFME)

14.40

What is mu (μ)

Mu is a method of identifying friction values and can range from a score of 0 (no friction properties) to 100 (full contact and action)

14.41

A mu value less than ___ is considered to be below FAA's maintenance planning levels and corrective action is required.

μ = 60

14.42

A mu value less than ___ is when braking action is beginning to be compromised.

μ = 40

14.43

A mu value less than ___ is when an aircraft may experience directional control issues or braking difficulties.

μ = 27

14.44

What are the four different methods of classifying runways?

1.  Pavement surface (asphalt/concrete)

2.  Condition (good/fair/poor)

3.  Usage (utility/transport)

4.  Approach type (visual/non-precision/precision)

14.45

An approach with NAVAIDs that only provide horizontal guidance is called what?

A non-precision approach

14.46

An approach that has NAVAIDs providing both vertical and horizontal information is called what?

Precision approach

14.47

What are the five ways that runway lights be classified?

1.  Type (elevated/in-pavement)

2.  Intensity (LIRL, MIRL or HIRL)

3.  Direction (uni or bi or omni)

4.  Lenses (narrow/wide beam)

5.  Bulb (bayonet, quartz or LED)

6.  Activation (by ATCT or pilot)

14.48

What color is runway centerline lighting?

Depends on where you are on the runway

White except for the last 3,000-feet where white and red are interspersed and then all red for the last 1,000-feet

14.49

When is the Surface Management Guidance and Control System (SMGCS) activated?

When RVR is <1,200'

14.50

What color is a rotating beacon at a land-based civilian airport?

White and green

14.51

What three pieces of information does airfield signage provide a pilot or ground operator?

1.  Location

2.  Direction

3.  Where they need to stop until cleared by the ATCT.

14.52

What color is the text and background on mandatory signs?

White text

Red background

14.53

What color is the text and background on directional sign?

Black text

Yellow background

14.54

What color is the text and background on destination signs?

Black text

Yellow background

14.55

What color is the text and background on location signs?

Yellow text

Black background

14.56 

What color is the text and background on runway distance remaining (RDR) signs?

White text

Black background

14.57

What color is the text and background on boundary signs?

Black text

Yellow background

14.58

What item is on a directional sign that makes it unique from destination or boundary signs?

An arrow!

14.59

What are the three classification of airfield markings at an airport?

1.  Runway

2.  Taxiway

3.  Holding

14.60

How is a displaced threshold identified?

White arrows leading to white arrowheads at a 10-foot wide white bar that spans the runway

14.61

What is a demarcation bar?

14.62

What is the purpose of a segmented circle?

It communicates to a pilot the established traffic patterns in use at the airport and the current wind direction.

14.63

What are Priority I snow removal surfaces?

1.  ARFF Routes to the primary runway in use

2.  Primary runway and associated taxiways to and from the terminal

3.  Emergency service roads if ARFF services are located off airport

14.64

What five items are addressed in the Snow and Ice Control Plan of the ACM?

1.  Removal or control snow/ice from the AMA

2.  Positioning of snow clear of AMA surfaces and wingtips etc. of acft.

3.  Selection and application of approved materials

4.  Timely commencement of snow and ice control procedures

5.  Prompt notification of air carriers when there is less than satisfactory cleared AMA for safe operations

14.65

What is the purpose of the Snow Desk?

1.  Inform carriers and ATCT of expected runway opening and closing times

2.  Serve as a primary source of field information

3.  Ensure timely response to snow or ice removal by monitoring an approaching storm

14.66

What are the three primary purposes of pavement condition sensing instruments?

1.  Provide a precise measure of pavement surface temperatures

2.  Indicate presence of water, snow, ice or other contaminants

3.  Transmit information to Snow Desk for decision making purposes

14.67

What two conditions determine when de-icing fluids should be used?

1.  Snow/Ice accumulation

2.  Overall weather conditions

14.68

Why is urea not a good de-icing compoud?

Turns into ammonia nitrate which is harmful to the environment

14.69

What two factors combine to determine the eutectic point?

The eutectic temperature and the eutectic composition

14.70

The point at which a certain chemical mixture can begin to melt ice is known as what?

The eutectic temperature

14.71

The chemical mixture required to reach the eutectic temperature is known as what?

Eutectic composition

14.72

What type of de-icing fluid is heated, orange in color, has a thin viscosity and has a holdover time of 3-5 minutes in icing conditions?

Type I

14.73

What type of de-icing fluid does not need to be heated, is green in color, has a thick viscosity and has a holdover time of 15 minutes in heavy snow conditions?

Type IV

14.74

What methods are there to remove snow at an airport?

1.  Rotary blowers

2.  Plows

3.  Sweepers

4.  Loaders

5.  Chemical (material spreaders)

14.75

What is the primary method of snow removal at an airport?

Rotary blower or thrower

14.76

What methods exist to increase the mu of a runway covered in ice?

Scarify the ice with a serrated blade

OR

Apply granular material to the surface

14.77

When reporting mu values in a NOTAM, what must be included?

1.  Runway identifier

2.  Type of device

3.  Three Mu values (one each for the approach, midpoint and rollout)

4.  Time of report

5.  Cause

14.78

Why does airport management issue NOTAMs?

It is the duty of airport management to notify others of a change in either the published airport procedures or physical facilities.

14.79

What is the key to a construction safety plan?

Training of the contractor and their employees

14.80

True or False

The Construction Safety Plan has to be approved by the FAA

TRUE

14.81

True of False

The Construction Safety Plan is required for AIP and PFC grants

TRUE

14.82

What are the four methods that an aircraft can be endangered by ground vehicles?

1.  Increase in traffic volume

2.  Lack of radio communications

3.  Non-standard vehicle traffic

4.  Operators untrained in the airport's procedures

14.83

When does a wildlife hazard exist?

1.  Potential exists for a damaging aircraft collision on or near the airport

2.  When certain conditions exist that attract wildlife that could pose a threat

14.84

What are the five conditions that could require a wildlife hazard assessment?

1.  When the FAA says so

2.  An air carrier experiences multiple bird strikes

3.  An air experience substantial damage from striking wildlife

4.  Air carrier experiences an engine ingestion of wildlife

5.  Wildlife of a size and number capable of causing an accident is observed to have access to the AMA

14.85

What is studied in a Wildlife Hazard Assessment?

1.  Events/circumstances that lead to the study

2.  Species identification

3.  Habitat identification

4.  Describing wildlife hazard to air carrier operations

5.  Mitigation strategies

14.86

What are the two methods for controlling wildlife?

Habitat modification

and

Active control

14.87

What is the key to effective wildlife control?

The abilities of the personnel and the support of management

14.88

True or False

The ACM should be expansive in detail

FALSE

It should not be written in such a manner that the airport is in constant violation of the ACM

14.89

Amendments to the ACM should be submitted to the FAA how many days prior to their effective date?

30 days

14.90

True or False

Part 139 requires that the safety requirements for ground vehicles operating on the airfield and terminal areas and the responsibilities of airport management to monitor obstructions must be described in the ACM.

TRUE

14.91

How long must the airport maintain self-inspection logs?

12 months

14.92

An effective safety inspection program has what elements?

1.  Checklist of items

2.  Dissemination plan

3.  Work order system

4.  Maintenance log

14.93

What is reflective cracking?

When a crack in the subbase works its way through a new overlay due to different coefficients of expansion, contraction or movement of the two surfaces.

14.94

What is the design life for airfield pavements?

20 years

14.95

Part 139 defines a hole as having what characteristics?

1.  >5" in width

2.  >3" in depth

3.  45-degree slopes

14.96

True or False

All AOA areas are required to meet Part 139

FALSE

Only the areas included in the ACM that are defined as movement areas.

14.97

What color are runway edge lights?

Depends on where you are

White for the center portion and amber for last 2,000-feet in the direction of landing

14.98

Part 139 applies to airport served by scheduled air carrier aircraft having more than ___ seats OR by unscheduled air carrier aircraft having more than ____ seats.

9 and 31

14.99

According to Part 139, airfield inspectors are to receive training every ___ months

12 months

14.100

According to Part 139, training records for airfield inspectors are required to be kept for how long?

24 months

14.101

True or False

A pavement managment system is a federal requirement

TRUE

14.102

Pavement should be rehabilitated at the after how many years?

11-15 years

14.103

Asphalt retains good resiliency for how many years?

10 years