PECTORALIS MAJOR

Origin: Medial half of clavicle, sternum & costal cartilages

Insertion: Humerus (Greater tuberosity)

Innervation: Medial & lateral pectoral

Action: Adduction, internal rotation, flexion, assist in respiration

PECTORALIS MINOR

Origin: 3rd to 5th ribs

Insertion: Coracoid Process

Innervation: Medial pectoral

Action: Draw scapula downward

           Cause inferior angle to rotate posteromedially

           Rotate glenoid inferiorly

           Assist in respiration

UPPER TRAPEZIUS

Origin: Occipital Bone, C1-C7

Insertion: Lateral 3rd of Clavicle

Innervation: CN XI; C3-C4 of cervical plexus

Action: Draws scapula upward, rotates glenoid sup., tilts head to same side, roatates head to opp. side

MID TRAPEZIUS

Origin: T1-T4

Insertion: Acromion

Innervation: CN XI; C3-C4 of cervical plexus

Action: Draws scapula medial

LOWER TRAPEZIUS

Origin: T5-T12

Insertion: Scapular spine

Innervation: CN XI; C3-C4 of cervical plexus

Action: Draws scapula med. downward

LEVATOR SCAPULAE

Origin: C1-C4 (Transverse process)

Insertion: Superior Angle of Scapula

Innervation: Dorsal scapular

Action: Draws scapula med. upward, inclines neck to same side

RHOMBOID MINOR

Origin: C6 & C7 (spinous)

Insertion: Medial border of scapula above spine

Innervation: Dorsal scapular

Action: Steadies scap, draws scap med upward

RHOMBOID MAJOR

Origin: T1-T4 (spinous)

Insertion: Medial border of scapula below spine

Innervation: Dorsal scapular

Action: Steadies scap, draws scap medially upward

SERRATUS ANTERIOR

Origin: 1st-9th ribs

Insertion: Medial border of Scapula

Innervation: Long thoracic

Action: Draws scapula laterally forward; elevates ribs

LATISSIMUS DORSI

Origin: T7-T12 (spinous), Inferior angle of Scapula, 9th-12th ribs, Iliac crest

Insertion: Intertubercular groove of Humerus

Innervation: Thoracodorsal

Action: Internal rotation, adduction, extension, respiration

SUBSCAPULARIS

Origin: Subscapular fossa

Insertion: Lesser tuberosity

Innervation: Subscapular

Action: Internal rotation

TERES MINOR

Origin: Lateral border of Scapula

Insertion: Greater tuberosity

Innervation: Axillary

Action: External rotation, weak adduction

TERES MAJOR

Origin: Inferior angle of Scapula

Insertion: Crest of lesser tuberosity

Innervation: Lower subscapular

Action: Internal rotation, adduction, extension

INFRASPINATUS

Origin: Infraspinatus fossa

Insertion: Greater tuberosity

Innervation: Suprascapular

Action: External rotation

SUPRASPINATUS

Origin: Supraspinatus fossa

Insertion: Greater tuberosity

Innervation: Suprascapular

Action: Abduction

ANTERIOR DELTIOD

Origin: Lateral 3rd of Clavicle

Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity

Innervation: Axillary

Action: Flexion, internal rotation, adduction

MIDDLE DELTIOD

Origin: Acromion

Insertion: Deltiod tuberosity

Innervation: Axillary

Action: Abduction

POSTERIOR DELTIOD

Origin: Scapular spine

Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity

Innervation: Axillary

Action: Extension, external rotation, adduction

CORACOBRACHIALIS

Origin: Coracoid Process

Insertion: Crest of lesser tuberosity

Innervation: Musculocutaneous

Action: Flexion, rotation, internal rotation

Triceps Brachii (Long head)

Origin: Infraglenoid tubercle

Insertion: Olecranon

Action: Extension & adduction

Innervation: Radial

TRICEPS BRACHII (LATERAL HEAD)

Origin: Posterior Humerus, proximal to radial groove

Insertion: Olecranon

Action: Extension

Innervation: Radial

TRICEPS BRACHII (MEDIAL HEAD)

Origin: Posterior humerus, inferior to radial groove

Insertion: Olecranon

Action: Extension

Innervation: Radial

BICEPS BRACHII (LONG HEAD)

Origin: Supraglenoid Tubercle

Insertion: Radial Tuberosity

Action: Elbow flexion & Supination

           Shoulder flexion

           Humeral abduction & internal rotation

Innervation: Musculocutaneous

BICEPS BRACHII (SHORT HEAD)

Origin: Coracoid process

Insertion: Radial tuberosity

Action: Elbow flexion & Supination

           Shoulder flexion

           Humeral abduction & internal rotation

Innervation: Musculocutaneous

BRACHIALIS

Origin: Distal anterior humerus

Insertion: Ulnar tuberosity

Action: Elbow flexion
Innervation: Musculocutaneous AND radial

ANCONEUS

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: Olecranon (radial surface)

Action:  Extends elbow, tightnes joint

Innervation: Radial

SUPINATOR

Origin: Olecranon, lat. epicondyle of humerus, radial collateral ligament, annular ligament of radius

Insertion: Radius between radial tuberosity and insertion of pronoator teres

Action: Supinates radioulnar joint

Innervation: Radial

PRONATOR TERES

Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus, coronoid process

Insertion: Lateral radius

Action: Weak elbow flexion, forearm pronation

Innervation: Median

BRACHIORADIALIS

Origin: Distal humerus, lateral intermuscular septum

Insertion: Styloid process of radius

Action: Elbow flexion, forearm semipronation

Innervation: Radial

PALMARIS LONGUS

Origin: Medial epicondyle

Insertion: Palmar aponeurosis

Action: Weak elbow flexion, tightens palmar aponeurosis

Innervation: Median

FLEXOR POLLICIS LONGUS

Origin: Midanterior radius & interosseous membrane

Insertion: Distal phalanx of thumb

Action: Wrist flexion and abduction, flexion of thumb

Innervation: Median

FLEXOR CARPI RADIALIS

Origin: Medial epicondyle

Insertion: Base of 2nd metacarpal

Action: Wrist flexion & abduction, radial deviation of hand

Innervation: Median

ABDUCTOR POLLICIS LONGUS

Origin: Radius & Ulna (interosseus membrane)

Insertion: Base of 1st metacarpal

Action: Abduction of hand, abduction of thumb

Innervation: Radial

EXTENSOR POLLICIS BREVIS

Origin: Posterior radius & interosseus membrane

Insertion: Base of proximal phalanx of thumb

Action: Abduction of hand, thumb extension

Innervation: Radial

EXTENSOR POLLICIS LONGUS

Origin: Posterior ulna & interosseus membrane

Insertion: Base of distal phalanx of thumb

Action: Wrist extension & abduction, adduction & extension of thumb

Innervation: Radial

EXTENSOR CARPI RADIALIS LONGUS

Origin: Lateral supercondylar ridge of distal humerus

Insertion: Base of 2nd metacarpal

Action: Weak elbow flexion, wrist extension & abduction

Innervation: Radial

EXTENSOR CARPI RADIALIS BREVIS

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Insertion: Base of 3rd metacarpal

Action: Weak elbow flexion, wrist extension & abduction

Innervation: Radial

EXTENSOR DIGITORUM

Origin: Common head (lateral epicondyle)

Insertion: 2nd to 5th digits

Action: Wrist extension, extension/abduction of 2nd-5th fingers

Innervation: Radial

EXTENSOR INDICIS

Origin: Posterior ulna & interosseus membrane

Insertion: Posterior 2nd digit

Action: Wrist extension, 2nd digit extension

Innervation: Radial

EXTENSOR DIGITI MINIMI

Origin: Common head

Insertion: Dorsal 5th digit

Action: Wrist extension, ulnar abduction of hand, extension & abduction of 5th digit

Innervation: Radial

EXTENSOR CARPI ULNARIS

Origin: Common head & ulnar head

Insertion: Base of 5th metacarpal

Action: Wrist extension, adduction of hand

Innervation: Radial

FLEXOR CARPI ULNARIS

Origin: Humeral medial epicondyle, olecranon

Insertion: Pisiform, hamate, base of 5th metacarpal

Action: Wrist flexion & adduction of hand

Innervation: ULNAR!

FLEXOR DIGITORUM SUPERFICIALIS

Origin: Medial epicondyle of humerus, upper anterior radius

Insertion: Sides of middle phalanges of 2nd to 5th digits

Action: Weak elbow flexor, flexion of wrist and 2nd to 5th digits

Innervation: Median

FLEXOR DIGITORUM PROFUNDUS

Origin: Proximal ulna & interosseus tissue

Insertion: Distal phalanges of 2nd to 5th digits

Action: Flexion of wrist and 2nd-5th digits

Innervation: Median & Ulnar

ABDUCTOR POLLICIS BREVIS

Origin: Scaphiod & trapezium

Insertion: Base of proximal phalanx of thumb

Action: Abduction of thumb

Innervation: Median

FLEXOR POLLICIS BREVIS

Origin: Capitate & trapezium

Insertion: Base of proximal phalanx of thumb

Action: Thumb flexion

Innervation: Median & ulnar

ADDUCTOR POLLICIS

Origin: Capitate, base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals

Insertion: Base of proximal phalanx of thumb

Action: Adduction & flexion of thumb

Innervation: Ulnar

OPPONENS POLLICIS

Origin: Trapezium

Insertion: 1st metacarpal

Action: Opposition of thumb

Innervation: Median

ABDUCTOR DIGITI MINIMI

Origin: Pisiform

Insertion: 5th proximal phalanx

Action: Flexion & abduction of MCP, extension of PIP & DIP

Innervation: Ulnar

FLEXOR DIGITI MINIMI

Origin: Hamate

Insertion: Base of 5th proximal phalanx

Action: Flexion of pinky

Innervation: Ulnar

OPPONENS DIGITI MINIMI

Origin: Hamate

Insertion: 5th metacarpal

Action: Opposition of pinky

Innervation: Ulnar

LUMBRICALS (1-4)

Origin: Tendons of flexor digitorum profundus

Insertion: 2nd-5th digits

Action: Flexion of MCP, extension of PIP and DIP (2nd-5th)

Innervation: Median & Ulnar

DORSAL INTEROSSEI (1-4)

Origin: 1st-5th metacarpals, one head on each side

Insertion: 2nd-4th proximal phalanges

Action: 2-4 MCP flexion, PIP & DIP extension & abduction 3 & 4

Innervation: Ulnar

PALMAR INTEROSSEI (1-3)

Origin: 2nd-5th metacarpals

Insertion: 2nd, 4th, 5th proximal phalanges

Action: MCP flexion, PIP & DIP extension & adduction

Innervation: Ulnar