2.1

What is the primary goal and duty of airport management?

The safe and efficient operation of the airport in accordance with standards.

2.2

What are the five principal functions that describe management today?

1. Planning

2. Organizing

3.  Staffing

4.  Leading

5.  Controlling

2.3

True or False:  Managers must be able to control a set of constituencies instead of a set of subordinates

100 billion percent TRUE

2.4

Though the planning process should occur at all organizational levels, the decisional aspects of organizational planning is typically carried out by whom?

Highest level of the organization WITH input from lower levels

2.5

Describe the organizing function of management

The grouping of activites and tasks in the most efficient and effective manner to accomplish organizational goals

2.6

What three characteristics can be used to describe organizational structure?

1.  Complexity

2.  Centralization

3.  Formalization

2.7

What are the five most common organizational forms?

1.  Simple

2.  Functional

3.  Matrix

4.  Conglomerate

5.  Divisional

2.8

Why is planning an important managerial function?

(3 items)

1.  Establishes the path for where the airport is going

2.  Establishes how that path is "going to look"

3.  Maximizes effective reactions to circumstances

2.9

What six steps are typically involved in organizing?

1.  Develop organizational structure

2.  Channels of authority

3.  Reporting relationships

4.  Communication links

5.  Division of labor

6.  Assignment of responsibility

2.10

What does "formalization" mean in an organizational structure?

The extent to which an organization relies on strict rules or procedures

2.11

What are the advantages of a simple organization?

(3 items)

1.  Flexibility

2.  Inexpensive to maintain

3.  Clear accountability

2.12

What are the two advantages of a functional organization?

1.  Job specialization

2.  Economies of scale

2.13

What are the two disadvantages of a divisional organization?

1.  Duplication of resources

2.  Complex and formal in operation

2.14

Name the three advantages of a matrix organization.

1.  Flexibility

2.  Use of existing resources for new projects

3.  Draw upon experts internal to organization to acheive a specific task

2.15

Name the four disadvantages of a matrix organization.

1.  Multiple reporting relationships

2.  Violates the "unity of command" principle

3.  Unclear roles and responsibilities

4.  Unclear reporting relationships

2.16

What are the three types of authority in an organization?

1.  Line

2.  Staff

3.  Functional

2.17

Define "line authority" in an organization.

The ability of a manager to direct the work of subordinates

2.18

Define "funcational authority" in an organization.

Ability of a manager to direct the activities of those not in the span of control

2.19

What are the eight factors that affect a manager's span of control?

1.  Manager and staff competence

2.  Space b/n staff members (physical dispersion)

3.  Amount of non-managerial work

4.  Degree of interaction

5.  Standardization of work

6.  Task similarity

7.  Incidence of unique problems

8.  Preference for autonomy

2.20

What are the three reasons a manager would want to do a job analysis?

1.  To group tasks into a complete job

2.  To determine nature of the work to be done

3.  To determine the skills, tools and working conditions of the job

2.21

What are the four methods used to break down the issue of montony in job specialization?

1.  Rotation

2.  Enlargement

3.  Enrichement

4.  Characteristics

2.22

What are the five key job characteristics?

1.  Skill variety

2.  Task identity

3.  Task significance

4.  Autonomy

5.  Feedback

2.23

What is "skill variety?"

The degree in which the job requires employees to use a number of skills.

2.24

What is "task identity?"

The degree to which work performed is an identifiable whole

2.25

What is "task significance"

The degree to which an employee PERCEIVES importance of a task

2.26

What is meant by "autonomy" as it relates to job characteristics?

The degree of freedom the manager provides for the completion of a task

2.27

What is meant by "feedback" as it relates to job characteristics?

The ability of the job to provide information on task performance

2.28

Why is staffing an important management function?

(2 items)

1. Increased attention in the effective and efficient use of resources

2.  Increased government regulation and court decisions on employment matters.

2.29

What are the four benefits to recruiting persons from WITHIN an organization?

1.  Increases employee moral

2.  Increases employee motivation

3.  Ability to assess employee strenghts/weaknessess

4.  Reduced cost of initial training (reduced learning curve)

2.30

What are the three benefits for recruiting employees from OUTSIDE the organization?

1.  Acquisition of new ideas

2.  Can resolve personnel issues

3.  Savings in time if recruiting agency is used (?)

2.31

Why is the concept of a learning organization important to airport managers?

Because personnel at an airport typically use their knowledge more than their physical attributes. 

(Drucker also states that we live in a knowledge society and that knowledge is 1) easily gained and 2) highly mobile)

2.32

What is the distinction between DIRECTING and LEADING?

Directing is the sole use of authority or power to accomplish tasks whereas leading reflects employees accepting responsibility for achieving tasks.

"Leading is getting somebody to do what you want to do because they want to do it"

Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower

2.33

What are the seven types of power an effective manager can use?

1.  Coercive

2. Referent

3.  Legitimate

4.  Expert

5.  Connection

6.  Reward

7.  Information

2.34

What is the distinction between LEADING and MANAGING?

(3 items)

1.  Leading is more concerned with style whereas managing is more concerned with process

2.  Leading is coping with change whereas managing is coping with complexity

3.  Leaders facilitate a learning organization whereas managers depend on others for information

2.35

What are the three types of control that can be exercised in an organization

1. Operational

2.  Organizational

3.  Strategic

2.36

What does operational control focus on?

The processes an organization follows OR the products an organization creates

2.37

What are the three types of operational control?

1. Preliminary control

2.  Concurrent control

3.  After-the-fact control

2.38

What does organizational control focus on?

The overall design and operating systems of the organization

2.39

What are the two types of organizational control?

1.  Bureaucratic control

2.  Clan control

2.40

What does strategic control focus on?

How the total organization relates to its operating environment

2.41

What are the four control techniques an organization can use to acheive its goals?

1. Financial

2.  Human Resource

3.  Operations

4.  Marketing

2.42

What is organizational development centered on?

Changing the organizational culture so that it can adapt to the environment and respond for efficiently and effectively.  It does not focus on individual change.

2.43

What five factors influence an airport to undergo organizational development?

1.  Political pressure

2.  Changing concerns of constituents

3.  Changing operational environment

4.  New regulations

5.  Internal desire

2.44

What three levels of performance should a manager look at prior to reorganization?

1. Individual performance

2.  Process/procedure performance

3.  Organizational performace

2.45

Employees typically resist organizational change for what four reasons?

1.  They believe that the change is not in their best interest

2.  They do not understand the change

3.  They view the reason for change differently than management

4.  They have a low tolerance for change

2.46

What are the four ways a manager can address employee resistance to change?

1. Communicate plans prior to the change

2.  Involve employees in the process

3.  Negotiate through the use of incentives and disincentives

4.  Coersion (least effective!)

2.47

What four aspects should a manager consider before introducing an organizational change?

1.  The amount and location of potential resistance

2.  The position b/n the sponsor and receiver of change

3.  Information required for those able to implement the change

4.  Stakes at hand

2.48

What are the six steps in a strategic planning exercise?

1.  Development of a mission and vision statement

2.  SWOT analysis

3.  Development of strategic and tactical plans

4.  Acquisition of resources

5.  Implementation

6.  Evaluation and revision

2.49

What is the difference between a VISION and a MISSION statement?

A vision statement is an ambitious statement of what the organization WISHES to become. 

A mission statement outlines the PRODUCT or SERVICE the organization offers, who the customer is and the scope of operations.

2.50

What are the three strategies for obtaining a competitive advantage?

1.  Low-Cost producer

2.  Differentiation

3.  Focus

2.51

When is an airport considered "world-class?"

When it can provide a product or service that is as good as or better than any other airport in the world.

2.52

How does an airport become world class?

2.53

How can a manger's activitises be generally catergorized in an organization?

(2 items)

1. Function

2.  Role

2.54 

What is meant by "managerial role?"

The characteristics and expected behaviors of an individulal in a job.

2.55

What is meant by the "complexity" of an organizational structure?

The degree of differentiation in the organization

2.56

What is meant by "centralization" in an organizational structure?

The degree to which decision-making authority is centralized in an organization.

2.57

Which of the three types of authority in an organization is the most critical to the functioning of the organization?

Line authority

2.58

Which of the three types of authority in an organization refers to the ability of staff members to carry out their assignments?

Staff authority

2.59

What are the three different systems used to collect information within an organization?

1.  Management Information System

2.  Decision Support System

3.  Geographic Information System

2.60

What is the purpose of any organizational information system?

2.61

What is the difference between organizational DEVELOPMENT and organizational DESIGN?

Organizational design focuses on how to construct an organization to accomplish organization goals

Organizational development addresses how effectively an organization responds and adapts to change

2.62

What are the three steps to the change process according to Lewin?

1.  Unfreezing

2.  Moving

3. Refreezing

2.63

What are the six steps of change according to Dressler?

1.  Awareness of pressure to change

2.  Recognizing the need for change

3.  Diagnosing the problem correctly

4.  Planning the change to address the problem

5.  Implementing the change

6.  Reinforcing the change