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module 2 review
term
20
Other
Not Applicable
09/01/2020

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Cards

Term
linear energy transfer (LET)
Definition
average energy deposited per unit length of track
Term
free radicals
Definition
low-LET radiation interacts with biologic tissue, it causes damage to a cell primarily through an indirect action that involves the production of molecules
Term
Characteristics of ionizing radiation
Definition
charge, mass, and energy
Term
wave-particle duality
Definition
property of matter and electromagnetic radiation that is characterized by the fact that some properties can be explained best by wave and particles
Term
examples of high-LET radiation
Definition
• Alpha particles
• Ions of heavy nuclei
• Charged particles released from interactions between neutrons and atoms
Term
chromosome breakage
Definition
high-LET radiation, multiple-strand breaks in DNA,
Term
relative biologic effectiveness (RBE)
Definition
relative capabilities of radiation with differing LETs to produce a particular biologic reaction
Term
radiation weighting factor
Definition
used to calculate the equivalent dose to determine the ability of a dose of any kind of ionizing radiation to cause biologic damage
Term
oxygen enhancement ratio (OER)
Definition
ratio of the radiation dose required to cause a particular biologic response of cells or organisms in an oxygen-deprived environment to the radiation dose required to cause an identical response under normal oxygenated conditions
Term
biologic damage stemming has three parts
Definition
• Molecular
• Cellular
• Organic systems
Term
direct action
Definition
biologic damage occurs as a result of ionization of atoms on essential molecules produced by straight interaction with the incident radiation
Term
Indirect action
Definition
a multistage process that first involves the production of free radicals that are created by the interaction of the radiation with water (H2O) molecules

have the capability to substantially disrupt master molecules
Term
Direct particles interaction with...
Definition
• DNA
• Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
• Proteins
• Enzymes
Term
point lesion
Definition
occur with low-LET radiation,interaction with DNA can rupture chemical bonds and possibly sever one of the sugar–phosphate chain side rails, or strands, of the ladder-like molecular structure
Term
intrastrand cross-link
Definition
between two places on the same DNA strand, or different DNA molecules
Term
Chromosome aberrations
Definition
irradiation occurs early in interphase, before DNA synthesis takes place. break caused by ionizing radiation is in a single strand of chromatin, which is the original chromosome
Term
sister chromatid
Definition
strand of chromatin lays down an identical strand
Term
target theory
Definition
oncept of radiation damage resulting from discrete and random events
Term
apoptosis
Definition
nonmitotic, or nondivision, form of cell death that occurs when cells die without attempting division during the interphase portion of the cell life cycle
Term
cell survival curve
Definition
classic method of displaying the sensitivity of a particular type of cell to radiation
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