7.1

What is the most important constraint on airport development and expansion

Airport noise

7.2

What piece of federal legislation was the catalyst for public awareness and response to airport noise issues?

NEPA

7.3

True or False

The ANAP clarified responsibilities for reducing noise at airports for the FAA, airport operators, state/local governments, airlines, passengers and residents .

TRUE

7.4

What is the purpose of FAR Part 36?

Established noise certification standards for the design of aircraft engines in order to reduce noise impacts.

7.5

The prohibition of the adoption of outright punitive anti-noise ordinances was enacted in what piece of federal legislation?

Aviation Noise and Capacity Act of 1990

7.6

The requirement of notification to the FAA and interested parties of the intent to adopt anti-noise ordinances and restrict aircraft operations was enacted with what piece of federal legislation?

Aviation Noise and Capacity Act of 1990

7.7

FAR Part 150 was adopted in 1985 as a result of the requirements in what piece of federal legislation?

The Aviation Safety and Noise Abatement Act (ASNA) of 1979

7.8

How is a "significant impact" defined in terms of aviation noise?

A 1.5 dB increase inside the 65 DNL

7.9

What two programs is Part 150 based on?

1.  AICUZ

2.  ANCLUC

7.10

What does 14 CFR Part 161 address?

The restriction of airport access based on noise

7.11

FAR Part 161 was adopted as a result of what policy?

The National Noise Policy (NNP)

7.12

Was was the most significant portion of the 1992 Airport, Airway Safety, Capacity, Noise Improvement and Intermodal Transportation Act?

1.  Required the FAA to study the social, economic and health effects of airport noise at the 55, 60 and 65 DNL   AND  single event noise.

(also wins the longest title EVER!!)

7.13

What is sound?

The transmission of energy in an audible manner

7.14

What is noise?

A subjective opinion on sound and can be broadly defined as any unwanted sound.

7.15

What are the five reasons that different people have different reactions to the same sound level?

1.  Apprehension about the perceived safety of the noise source

2.  Belief system that concludes all noise is preventable

3.  Awareness of non-noise environmental problems

4.  Sensitivity to noise in general

5.  Perceived economic importance of the noise source

7.16

What measurement of sound can be defined as a relative measure of sound compared to a reference sound and can range from 0 to 130?

The decibel

7.17

What measurement of sound is used by the FAA to measure single event aircraft noise as part of FAR Part 36 certification?

EPNdB

7.18

What measurement of sound was created in the wake of a request for a national standard for consistency in noise exposure effects?

A-weighted Decibel

7.19

A-weighted decibel metric accounts for what human physiological condition?

The fact that the human ear does not hear lower frequencies and higher frequencies as well as it does the middle frequencies.

7.20

For each 10dB increase in noise, how does the PERCEIVED loudness and the relative SOUND ENERGY change?

1.  Perceived loudness increases or decreases by a factor of 2

2.  Sound energy increases or decreases by a factor of 10

7.21

What does a noise contour show? 

The noise contour is a line that shows points of equal sound exposure and permits the counting of persons affected by aircraft noise.

7.22

What is the equal energy rule?

It states that over a given period of time people most predictably react to the total noise energy they receive rather than to the characteristics of any single noise event.

7.23

What is a cumulative noise metric?

The cumulative noise metric is defined as the sum of all sound energy at a given location during a predefined period of time that is averaged to reach an average noise level per second of time. 

7.24

What are the six types of cumulative noise metrics?

1.  NEF

2.  CNEL

3.  DNL

4.  ASDS

5.  TAT

6.  SENL

7.25

What are the four commonly used metrics used to measure noise impacts?

1. Noise Exposure Forecast (NEF)

2.  Community Noise Equivalent Level (CNEL)

3.  Day-Night Average Sound Level (DNL)

4.  Composite Noise Rating (CNR)

7.26

True or False

The CNEL and the DNL have similar thresholds for "moderate", "severe", and "significant" noise exposure.

TRUE

55, 60 and 65 dB respectively

7.27

What is the threshold for significant noise exposure for the NEF noise metric?

30 dB

7.28

What is the threshold for significant noise exposure for the CNR noise metric?

100 dB

7.29

What noise metric is the standard used in all Part 150 studies?

The DNL

(references as DNL in text and Ldn in equations)

7.30

What is the penalty applied to nighttime operations in a Part 150 study?

10 dB between 2200 hrs and 0700 hrs

7.31

What is the Sound Exposure Level (SEL)?

The total sound a person would expereience if all the sound energy of a sound event were compressed into one second.

7.32

What is INM?

The Integrated Noise Model

7.33

What methods exist for the appraising of noise impacts of communities beyond the airport boundary?

1.  Noise Impact Routing System (NIRS)

2.  Air Traffic Noise Screening (ATNS)

7.34

Which method of appraising noise impacts beyond the airport boundary is used to optimize flight operations within the NAS?

The NIRS

7.35

What method of appraising noise impact beyond the airport boundary helps air traffic planners and other decision makers in determining if certain air traffic conditions ivolving flights above 3,000 feet would have an adverse effect on communities?

The ATNS

7.36

What three concerns in ANSA was addressed through the development of FAR Part 150?

1.  The establishment of a single system to measure noise at airports

2. The establishment of human reaction to noise based on the intensity, duration, frequency and time of the event

3.  Indentification of compatible land-uses given a certain noise level.

7.37

For what two purposes are Part 150 noise calculations made?

1.  Decribing current impacts of airport noise

2.  Comparing the various affects of noise abatement procedures

7.38

What are the two products of a Part 150?

1.  Noise Exposure Map (NEM)

2.  Noise Compatibility Plan (NCP)

7.39

What outcome of a Part 150 shows the airport and the associated noise contours surrounding the airport for the base year and 5 year forecast?

The NEM

7.40

What outcome of a Part 150 involves a discussion and analysis on the impct of various noise abatement and land-use management measurements to noise levels?

The NCP

7.41

What are the five advantages for a undergoing a Part 150 study?

1.  Public relations

2. Intergovernmental Coordination

3.  Airport facility development

4.  Improved land-use planning

5.  Noise abatement

7.42

What are the three primary disadvantages for undergoing a Part 150 Study?

1.  Heightened controversy

2.  Unrealistic expectations

3.  Uncooperative stakeholders

7.43

Can noise contours be used against the airport operator uf the FAA has approved the NEM?

No.  The courts have consistently held the opinion that the NEM can't be used.

7.44

What constitutes a significant change in noise exposure level?

A 1.5 dB increase in DNL providing that the new DNL is above 65 dB

7.45

What three categories of options are considered in the NCP to reduce noise impacts?

1.  Modification to flight procedures

2.  Regulations

3.  Modifications to airfield layout

7.46

What noise related items are eligible for AIP funding under the 1987 AASCE?

1.  Soundproofing

2.  Property acquisition (avigation or fee simple)

3.  R/W or T/W extensions

4.  New R/W or T/W

7.47

Under what four conditions is a Part 150 Study appropriate for airport management to pursue?

1.  Significant amounts of noise-affected incompatible land-uses

2.  Receipt of serious noise complaints

3.  Threat from urban development pressure to increase non-compatible land-use

4.  Introduction of a major change in airport operations that will shift or increase noise patterns

7.48

Who initiates a Part 150 Study?

The airport manager

7.49

What five noise abatement measures does teh FAA require an airport to study as part of the NCP of a Part 150?

1.  Takeoff and landing procedures

2.  Implementation of a preferred runway use program

3.  Construction of barrier and acoustical shielding

4.  Acquisition of land interests

5.  Restrictions on the use of the airport by any type or class of aircraft.

7.50

Of the common noise mitigation measures considered in a Part 150, which one is most effective?

Land acquisition

(fee simple is preferred but avigation is preferred)

7.51

The purchasing of the right to overfly a parcel of land and to create noise is referred to as what?

An Avigation Easement

7.52

What is the goal of soundproofing in residential structures?

To reduce interior sound level to at least 50 dB

7.53

What is the goal of soundproofing for non-residential buildings?

To reduce interior sound level to between 45 dB and 55 dB.

7.54

Under what four conditions would a structure be eligible for soundproofing?

1.  It is within the EXISTING or FUTURE 65 DNL

2.  Are within a noise contour deemed non-compatible under local land-use/zoning guidelines

3.  Structures are not compatible with Part 150 or local land-use guidelines

4.  A satisfactory interior noise level reduction can't be acheived

7.55

What are the five parameters under which the FAA would approve a preferential runway use program?

1.  Achieves goal of reducing non-compatible land-uses around the airport

2.  Does not derogate safe and efficient use of airspace

3.  Does not  unjustly discriminate against an airport user

4.  Does not create an undue burden on interstate commerce

5.  Does not adversly affect the other powers and duties of the FAA Administrator

7.56

What are the two activities that airport management cannot regulate since they are FAA's responsibility?

1.  Preferential runway use program

2.  Flight procedures

7.57

Can the FAA impose land-use and zoning restrictions on a local government?

No.

7.58

Can engine run-up and ground operation restrictions be implemented at an airport?

Yes.