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This is adaptation of the eye for near vision. It is accomplished by increasing the curvature of the lens through movement of the ciliary muscles. Although the lens cannot be observed directly, the components of this that can be observed are convergence (motion toward) of the axes of the eyeballs and pupillary constriction.
(Jarvis) |
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a chronic metabolic condition in adults caused by over secretion of growth hormones. It is characterized by gradual, marked soft tissue enlargement and widening and thickening of skeletal bones in the face, jaw, hands, and feet.
(Mosby) |
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A small number of people (5%) normally have pupils of two different sizes which is called...
(Jarvis) |
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The cornea may look cloudy with age. This is commonly seen around the cornea. This is a gray-white arc or circle around the limbus; it is due to deposition of lipid material. As more lipid accumulates, the cornea may look thickened and raised, but it has no effect on vision.
(Jarvis) |
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an abnormal condition of the eye in which the light rays cannot be focused clearly in a point on the retina because the spheric curve of the cornea or lens is not equal in all meridians. Vision is typically blurred; if uncorrected, it often results in visual discomfort or asthenopia.
(Mosby) |
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lens opacity, resulting from a clumping of proteins in the lens. Some formation should be expected by age 70 years.
(Jarvis) |
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ear wax. a yellow waxy material that lubricates and protects the ear. The wax forms a sticky barrier that helps keep foreign bodies from entering and reaching the sensitive tympanic membrane. It migrates out to the meatus by the movements of chewing and talking.Two types: wet and dry.
(Jarvis) |
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A beady nodule protruding on the lid, this is an infection or retention cyst of a meibomian gland. It is a nontender, firm, discrete swelling with freely movable skin overlying the nodule. If it becomes inflamed, it points inside and not on lid margin (in contrast with stye).
(Jarvis) |
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Infection of the conjunctiva, “pink eye,” has red beefy-looking vessels at periphery but usually clearer around iris (although here it is severe). This is common from bacterial or viral infection, allergy, or chemical irritation. Purulent discharge accompanies bacterial infection. Preauricular lymph node is often swollen and painful, with a history of upper respiratory infection. Symptoms include itching, burning, foreign body sensation, and eyelids stuck together on awakening.
(Jarvis) |
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(The Hirschberg Test) Assess the parallel alignment of the eye axes by shining a light toward the person's eyes. Direct the person to stare straight ahead as you hold the light about 30 cm (12 inches) away. Note the reflection of the light on the corneas; it should be in exactly the same spot on each eye. See the bright white dots in Fig. 14-29 for symmetry of the corneal light reflex. Asymmetry of the light reflex indicates deviation in alignment from eye muscle weakness or paralysis. If you see this, perform the cover test.
(Jarvis) |
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An expression or appearance of the head and neck that, when taken together, are characteristic of a clinical condition or syndrome
(Powerpoint) |
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a condition in which the optic nerve is damaged, usually as a result of increasing pressure within the eye.
(Jarvis) |
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is an increase in the size of the thyroid gland and occurs with hyperthyroidism, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and hypothyroidism.
(Jarvis) |
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Obstruction of drainage of cerebrospinal fluid results in excessive accumulation, increasing intracranial pressure, and enlargement of the head. The face looks small compared with the enlarged cranium. The increasing pressure also produces dilated scalp veins, frontal bossing, and downcast or “setting sun” eyes (sclera visible above iris).
(Jarvis) |
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inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the larynx, accompanied by edema of the vocal cords with hoarseness or loss of voice, occurring as an acute disorder caused by a cold, by irritating fumes, by sudden temperature changes, or as a chronic condition resulting from excessive use of the voice, heavy smoking, or exposure to irritating fumes.
(Mosby) |
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occurs with hyperthyroidism. It is when a white rim of sclera is between the lid and the iris. (the upper lid rests well above the limbus and white sclera is visible)
(Jarvis) |
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many small oval structures that filter the lymph and fight infection and in which lymphocytes, monocytes, and plasma cells are formed...etc. read about it! =)
(Mosby) |
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a congenital anomaly characterized by abnormal largeness of the head and brain in relation to the rest of the body, resulting in some degree of mental and growth retardation.
(Mosby) |
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a congenital anomaly characterized by abnormal smallness of the head in relation to the rest of the body and by underdevelopment of the brain, resulting in some degree of mental retardation.
(Mosby) |
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Constricted and fixed pupils. Occurs with the use of pilocarpine drops for glaucoma treatment, the use of narcotics, with iritis, and with brain damage of pons.
(Jarvis) |
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dilation of the pupil of the eye caused by contraction of the dilator muscle of the iris, a muscular sheath that radiates outward like the spokes of a wheel from the center of the iris around the pupil. With a decrease in light or the pharmacologic action of certain drugs the dilator acts to pull the iris outward, enlarging the pupil.
(Mosby) |
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the term that denotes a round symmetric skull that is appropriately related to body size.
(Jarvis) |
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a fine oscillating movement best seen around the iris. Occurs with disease of the semicircular canals in the ears, a paretic eye muscle, multiple sclerosis, or brain lesions.
(Jarvis) |
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Swimmer's ear. An infection of the outer ear, with severe painful movement of the pinna and tragus, redness and swelling of pinna and canal, scanty purulent discharge, scaling, itching, fever, and enlarged tender regional lymph nodes. Hearing is normal or slightly diminished. More common in hot humid weather. Swimming causes canal to become waterlogged and swell; skinfolds are set up for infection.
(Jarvis) |
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(middle ear infection), occurs because of obstruction of the eustachian tube or passage of nasopharyngeal secretions into the middle ear. It is one of the most common illnesses in children.
(Jarvis) |
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| A fold formed by the reflection of the conjunctiva from the eyelid onto the eye. |
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(Choked disc). Swelling of optic disk. visible on ophthalmoscopic examination of the fundus of the eye, caused by increase in intracranial pressure.
(Mosby) |
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are air-filled pockets within the cranium. They communicate with the nasal cavity and are lined with the same type of ciliated mucous membrane. They lighten the weight of the skull bones, serve as resonators for sound production, and provide mucus, which drains into the nasal cavity.
(Jarvis) |
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Lids are swollen and puffy. Lid tissues are loosely connected so excess fluid is easily apparent. This occurs with local infections; crying; and systemic conditions such as congestive heart failure, renal failure, allergy, hypothyroidism (myxedema).
(Jarvis) |
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inflammation or infection of the pharynx, usually causing symptoms of a sore throat. Some causes of pharyngitis are diphtheria, herpes simplex virus, infectious mononucleosis, and streptococcal infection.
(Mosby) |
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is inability to tolerate light.
(Jarvis) |
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(change in accommodation)
Lens is more rigid, ciliary muscles of iris weaker (Powerpoint)
a hyperopic shift to farsightedness resulting from a loss of elasticity of the lens of the eye. The condition commonly develops with advancing age, with the first symptoms appearing about age 40.
(Mosby) |
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inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nose, usually accompanied by swelling of the mucosa and a nasal discharge.
(Mosby) |
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compares air conduction and bone conduction sound...
(Jarvis) |
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a blind spot in the visual field surrounded by an area of normal or decreased vision, occurs with glaucoma, with optic nerve and visual pathway disorders.
(Jarvis) |
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(squint, crossed eye) causes disconjugate vision because one eye deviates off the fixation point. Can cause permanent visual damage.
(Jarvis) |
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a subjective noise sensation, often described as ringing, heard in one or both ears.
(Mosby) |
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a small tongue-like projection of the auricular cartilage of the ear, anterior to the external meatus.
(Mosby) |
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| Of, relating to, or designating a small curved bone that extends horizontally along the lateral wall of the nasal passage in higher vertebrates. |
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Sensation of spinning
Self = internal
Room or objects = external
(Powerpoint) |
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is valuable when a person reports hearing better with one ear than the other. Place a vibrating tuning fork in the midline of the person's skull and ask whether the tone sounds the same in both ears or better in one. The person should hear the tone by bone conduction through the skull, and it should sound equally loud in both ears.
(Jarvis) |
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| Stand 1-2 feet away and whisper monosyllabic and bisyllabic words. Abnormal: The person is unable to hear whispered words. A whisper is a high-frequency sound and is used to detect high-tone loss. (Powerpoint & Jarvis) |
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