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Molecular Cell Bio
Cell Structure
20
Biology
Undergraduate 2
09/29/2007

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Term
plasma membrane
Definition
cell membrane, phospho lipid bilayer and proteins
Term
cell wall
Definition
characteristic of archaea bacteria and plants, rigid protective structure
Term
cytoplasm
Definition
contents of the prokaryotic cell
Term
chromosomes
Definition
DNA complexed with specific proteins
Term
ribosome
Definition
manufacture proteins
Term
flagella
Definition
power movement
Term
organelle
Definition
membrane bound compartments found in eukaryotic cells (little organ)
Term
nuclear envelope
Definition
double membrane surrounding and enclosing the nucleus
Term
nuclear matrix
Definition
protein scaffolding that stiffens the nuclear structure and organizes chromosomes
Term
nucleolus
Definition
area where ribosomes are assembled
Term
endoplasmic reticulum
Definition
network of membrane bound sacs and tubules
Term
smooth ER
Definition
lacks ribosomes, site of fatty acid and phospholipid synhesis, hydrophobic toxins are converted to water soluble compunds that can be secreted
Term
rough ER
Definition
has ribosomes, synthesizes and secretes proteins to the golgi apparatus
Term
signal hypothesis
Definition
prediction that the first few amino acids of certain proteins are tagged in a way that they can enter the ER
Term
glycosylation
Definition
the addition of carbohydrate side chains, takes place in the ER
Term
cisternae
Definition
located in the Golgi stack, catalyze glycosyltion reactions
Term
green flourescent protein (GFP)
Definition
protein with luminous properties used to monitor protein movement in a cell
Term
kinesin
Definition
converts chemical energy of ATP into mechanical energy resulting in vesicle movement, a motor protein, walks along microtuble tracks
Term
axoneme
Definition
structure that consists of 9 sets of doublets and two in the middle, 9+2, cilia and flagella are made up of this type of structure
Term
dynein
Definition
also a motor protein, responsible for the movement in cilia and flagella
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