Term
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Definition
-transcription bubble is small (15-20 bp)and moves along with RNA pol which is 30 bp
-amount of RNA/DNA binding is only 8BP |
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Term
| Nanotechnology/RNA pol II |
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Definition
-incorporate photoreactive moeiteis into DNA and RNA
-all in order to see which nucleotide is next to which amino acid of the polymerase
-the fragments are then sequenced and a picture is made via x-ray crystallography |
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Term
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Definition
| -sequences within the DNA that end transcription |
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Term
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Definition
| -RNA sequence folds into a stable hairpin, this RNA-RNA base pairing being favored over the DNA-RNA pairing that normally occurs within the transcription bubble |
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Term
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Definition
| -due to only 2 hydrogen bonds, the A-U bonds are much weaker; termination favored over elongation |
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Term
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Definition
-a helicase that is always following the RNA band towards the polymerase
-allowed to catch up to the transcription bubble when a hairpin loop is created
-breaks down the RNA-DNA base pairs and releases the transcript |
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Term
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Definition
-occurs in bacteriphage, lambda, and also HIV
-bind to an antitermination site in the DNA upstream of the transcription termination site
-allows RNA pol to ignore the termination sequence |
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Term
| tyrptophan synthesis operon |
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Definition
-if trp is present RNA pol terminates its transcription at this point without reaching ORF
-if trp is limiting, ribosome stalls and the hairpin loop is able to form |
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Term
| rRNAs primary transcripts |
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Definition
-contain all the rRNAs in one unit
-must be cut out by RNAses |
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Term
| bacterial vs eukaryotic mRNAs |
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Definition
-bacterial mRNA do not need maturation; eukaryotic do
-both have to lay down certain number of nucleotides before elongation
-in bacteria the sigma factor then falls off
-in eukaryotes, after about 30 bp, the capping begins of the 5' end |
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Term
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Definition
-just a GTP added backwards onto the 5' end of an mRNA
-5'-5' phosphodiester bond
-guanyl transferase, followed by guanyl methyltransferase
-the methyl is the cap
-all RNA are capped in eukaryotes |
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Term
| transcription is much slower in action than on paper |
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Definition
| -due to pauses and working around nucleosomes |
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Term
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Definition
-AAUAAA
-universal upstream signal
-CPSF bind to AAUAA and CstF to the downstream signal
-allows poly (a) polymerase to bind
-denotes terminus of mRNA sequence |
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Term
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Definition
-increases mRNA stability
-for those that do not have a poly (a) tail, pseudoknots may substitute |
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Term
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Definition
-in higher eukaryotes
-less common in lower eukaryotes |
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Term
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Definition
-the most common type of intron
-introns are majority of the gene real estate |
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Term
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Definition
-2' OH on the A of the branch site attacks the phosphate of the terminal G--TRANSESTERIFICATION
-2'-5' a-g phosphodiester bond resulting in a lariat
-3' OH of first exon attacks the 5' phosphate of the 2 exon |
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Term
| RNAs associated with splicing |
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Definition
-snRNAs-small nuclear RNAs
-whole complex is called "snurp" |
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Term
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Definition
| -results in a different protein to be produced or could result in a truncated protein if there is a stop codon |
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Term
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Definition
-determine the auditory properties of the hair cells in the cochlea
-40,000 different splice patters |
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Term
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Definition
-tetrahymena needs no snRNAs
-uses G nucleotide to launch the attack via its 3' OH on the 5' PO4 of the 5' end of the intron
-no lariat is produced
-ribozyme |
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Term
| tRNA modification after transcription |
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Definition
-1 out of 10 tRNA are modified after transcription
-allow different tRNAs to be recognized by different aminoacyl synthetases
-made precise by snoRNA |
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Term
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Definition
-deamination of adenosine to inosine can occur
-can occur with massic scale hyperediting |
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Term
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Definition
-destroying RNA viruses by the cell is RNAi
-siRNA are incorporated into RISC to target the ssRNA associated |
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Term
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Definition
-start as hairpins cut by Drosha
-dsRNA to be cut up by dicer as well and hinders mRNA via miRNP complex similar to RISC |
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Term
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Definition
-bacterial mRNA half life: few minutes
-yeast mRNA half life: 20 minutes
-human mRNA half life: many hours |
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Term
| early degradation of mRNA |
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Definition
-sequences in the 3' trailer that confer upon the mRNA instability
-must be decapped and release of poly a tail in eukaryotes |
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Term
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Definition
| -allowing mRNAs among other things to come in and out of the nucleus |
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