Term
Geography Where is Vietnam? |
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Definition
- 8 thousand miles away from U.S.
- Size of CA
- 85 million people
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Term
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Definition
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Term
History of Vietnam French |
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Definition
- French
- Mid-1800s colonialism: trade/$ profits
- Bring Catholicism; vietnamese are mostly buddhist
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Term
History of Vietnam Japanese |
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Definition
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Term
History of Vietnam French (again) |
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Definition
- French (again)
- end of WWII
- defeated at Battle of Dien Bien Phu
- Had been fighting with U.S. $ and weapons
- quit, withdraw
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Term
History of Vietnam Geneva Convention |
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Definition
- Ceasefire, French withdrawl
- Vietnam becomes temporarily independent
- TEMPORARY division along 17th parallel (to prevent fighting between N.V. and S.V.)
- Elections (never actually held)
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Term
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Definition
- North Vietnamese
- Communist
- Nationalist
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Term
Why is the U.S. in Vietnam? Support |
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Definition
- The U.S. is doing the right thing
- Stopping communism
- Spreading freedom and democracy
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Term
Why is the U.S. in Vietnam? Imperialist |
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Definition
- This is what we (the U.S.) do
- helps business
- control resources
- U.S. is racist and imperialist
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Term
Why is the U.S. in Vietnam? Mistake |
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Definition
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Term
Events Leading to the War Gulf of Tonkin |
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Definition
- U.S. claims that N. Viet. attacked U.S. destroyers that were in int'l waters
- Tonkin Gulf Resolution- grants president power to take "all necessary measures", essentially unlimited military power
- Vietnam says that U.S. was in Vietnamese waters, doing commando raids and spying
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Term
Selective Service System Draft |
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Definition
- military draft- required service upon turning 18 (men only)
- 2-yr service: 1 yr. training, 1 yr. combat
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Term
Selective Service System: Draft Classifications: 1A
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Definition
You're healthy and going to war |
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Term
Selective Service System: Draft Classifications: 4F
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Definition
| medical condition; you stay home |
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Term
Selective Service System: Draft Classifications: 2S |
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Definition
- You're a succesful student, you stay in school. Don't go to war.
- eventualy abolished, political opposition was too great
- wealthy white kids were the only ones staying in school, unfair advantage
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Term
Selective Service System: Draft Classifications: CO |
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Definition
- Consciencious Objector
- pacifist, esp. Quakeers (friends society)
- type 1: "i won't kill, but i will serve (as medic, etc.)
- type 2: i will be indirectly killing people, therefore can't serve
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Term
Selective Service System: Draft Opposition to Draft |
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Definition
- Illegal not to go if drafted
- Options:
- go to Canada/Sweden (no extradition)
- jail (5 yrs., up to $10,000 fine)
- go underground
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Term
Selective Service System: Draft How Draft was Decided |
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Definition
- general --> president (cmndr in chief) --> S.S.S.--> # of men
- this was the vietnam system
- now, in Iraq, general is petraeus, no SSS or draft
- Lottery, each day of year is assigned a number
- Lottery drawn every year, low numbers called in order until draft quota is met
- if your number wasn't called, your status (if 1A) becomes 1H
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Term
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Definition
- 27 mil. men of draft age
- 11 mil. served in some branch of military
- 2 mil. went to Vietnam
- 150,000 wounded
- 65,000 died
- Distribution of casualties unequal across races
- significantly more African-American soldiers died than white soldiers
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Term
Measuring the War Traditional War |
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Definition
- Territory
- Soldier-to-soldier combat
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Term
Measuring the War Guerilla Warfare |
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Definition
- measured by mobility and hit/run tactics
- fighting tactics differed by night and day
- "never fight unless you know you will win"
- most people don't support U.S.
- U.S. has complex technology, Vietnam doesn't
- On point- first man walking on trail, dangerous
- Vietnamese had extremely extensive underground tunnel system
- protected by pungee sticks
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Term
How the War was Fought Measuring Success |
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Definition
- Winner can't be measured by territory
- Measured instead by body count
- number of Vietnamese dead always greater than American casualties
- Americans inflated # of deaths to project image of victory
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Term
How the War was Fought Anti-personnel Weapons
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Definition
- Weapons designed to kill people
- napalm= jellied gasoline
- white phosphorus bombs= extremely hot and destructive
- cluster bombs= blow out bits of metal (later changed to plastic, undetectable by X-rays)
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Term
How the War was Fought Defoliation |
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Definition
- Agent Orange- extremely strong plant-killer
- originally used for killing dandelions in extremely diluted portions
- Made by Dow Chemical
- carginogen
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Term
How the War was Fought Free Fire Zones
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Definition
| U.S. declares area "free fire zone", anyone in there when alotted time runs up is killed |
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Term
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Definition
- At beginning of war, OK
- The longer it lasted, the lower it got
- Soldiers were in for 2 yrs, second yr. was combat
- weren't fighting to win the war, only goal was to come home safely
- Drugs used by 90%
- fragging- soldiers would kill their own officials b/c morale was so low
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Term
The Antiwar Movement Basic Timeline
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Definition
- 1964-'65: small antiwar movement, 90%+ support war
- 1970-'71: large antiwar movement, most oppose war
- Buddhist priests (in Vietnam) set themselves on fire in public in protest
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Term
The Antiwar Movement Reasons for Opposing War |
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Definition
- Mix of antiwar and anti-draft
- People much more connected to war
- many sons/brothers/boyfriends/husbands involved
- touched "close to home"
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Term
The Antiwar Movement Adult Impressions of Young Protestors |
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Definition
- unpatriotic
- spoiled
- bratty
- cowardly
- communist
- "love it or leave it"
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Term
The Antiwar Movement Benjamin Spock |
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Definition
- Spock was a doctor, wrote 2nd bestselling book ever: baby and child care
- "spock baby"- child who had been raised by Spock's teachings
- Olympic gold medalist: sculling
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Term
The Antiwar Movement Demonstrations |
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Definition
- Huge demonstrations held across country
- Students= very active in protests,
- Students for a Democratic Societ (SDS)
- 124 campuses w/ members, considered "it" movement
*Teach-ins held at universities: dif professors addressed war from their own special field to educate ppl about the true happenings of the war
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Term
The Antiwar Movement The Chicago 10 |
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Definition
- Group of men accused of crossing state lines with intentions of starting a riot
- Trial was essntially rigged, everyone was convicted (wrongfully)
- Bobby Seale was bound and gagged in the courtroom
- drew attention: black man being physically restrained for objecting
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Term
1968 Presidential Race Incumbent |
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Definition
Person currently holding office (in this case, LBJ) |
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Term
1968 Presidential Race Democrats: McCarthy |
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Definition
- Senator Eugene McCarthy (antiwar, "dove")
- wins NH primary, doing very well
- slogan: "get clean for gene"; wanted campaign helpers to look presentable
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Term
1968 Presidential Race Democrats: Kennedy |
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Definition
- Robert Kennedy, JFK's brother
- Wins CA primary, appears that he will be next pres, lots of support (sympathy, too)
- Assassinated right after is wins CA primary
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Term
1968 Presidential Race Democrats: Humphrey |
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Definition
- Hubert Humphrey, LBJ's vice-pres (pro-war, "hawk")
- Chosen as democratic pres. candidate, ultimately defeated by Nixon
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Term
1968 Presidential Race The Democratic Convention |
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Definition
- Chicago
- Mayor of Chicago= Richard Daley, supports Humphrey
- Group of antiwar protestors gather across the street from the hotel where the convention is
- Mayor orders that protestors leave, police attack
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Term
1968 Presidential Race Nixon |
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Definition
- Richard Nixon= only Republican candidate
- Vice pres to Eisenhower ('52-'60)
- Lost election for gov of CA
- Comes back in '68 --> "New Nixon"
- Beats Humphrey, elected pres. of U.S.A.
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Term
The War Continues, 1966-1969
Loss of Public Support |
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Definition
- Casualties mount, families mourn losses
- Credibility gap grows
- gov't says one thing, truth appears otherwise
- Gen. Westmoreland and Sec. of Defense McNamara mislead public
- Quagmire: we were stuck (couldn't win; the harder we tried, the more we lost)
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Term
The War Continues, 1966-1969
My Lai Massacre
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Definition
- Lt. Calley= frustrated; his men had been getting killed and injured
- Lines up villagers including many women and children and orders them "taken care of" (for no reason)
- Not an isolated incident, similar scenarios reported in which U.S. soldiers killed vietnamese civilians
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Term
The War Continues, 1966-1969
Tet Offense
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Definition
- Vietnamese New Years Day
- Normally observed by a lull in fighting
- On Jan 30, 1968, vietcong attacked Saigon
- U.S. left Saigon
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Term
The War Continues, 1966-1969
Daniel Ellsberg
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Definition
- CIA guy, works for Dept. of Defense
- originally supported war, then turns against it
- photocopies secret gov't documents, "Pentagon Papers"
- gives these to NYT, printed in papers nationwide
- country sees how the gov't was lying from the beginning
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Term
Nixon's Presidency Vietnamization |
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Definition
- Nixon's plan to replace U.S. troops w/ S.V. army
- doesn't work, so U.S. begins dropping bombs
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Term
Nixon's Presidency Air War |
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Definition
- War goes from ground war to air war
- more bombs dropped on vietnam than during all of WWII
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Term
Nixon's Presidency Cambodia |
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Definition
- U.S. troops invade Cambodia
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Term
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Definition
- U.S. agrees to withdraw
- Exchange POWs
- U.S. will help to repair Vietnam
- NONE OF THIS ACTUALLY HAPPENS
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Term
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Definition
- North Vietnam w/ NLF wins the war
- April 30, 1975
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Term
The War Ends
Effects of the War |
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Definition
- Indochina= socialist and independent
- Indochina is economically and physically weak
- U.S. role in war questioned
- Credibility w/ allies lowered
- Limits options for future (little public tolerance)
- no draft, no large # of casualties
- Trust in gov't lowered, even today
- assasination (JFK)
- Vietnam War (lies, Pentagon Papers)
- Watergate
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Term
The War Ends The War Powers Act |
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Definition
- limits power of president, puts the power to declare war back into hands of Congress
- pres can still send troops in w/ out approval in emergencies
- if insurgence lasts 90+ days, pres must seek Congressional approval
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Term
The War Ends POW's and MIA's |
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Definition
- POW's= celebrated heroes
- Vets recieve little/no public support, frustration about war aimed instead at them
- Little/no treatment for vets
- many suffer from addiction, mental illness, homelessness, Agent Orange damage (cancer)
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