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| Maintain order and predictability, serve colonists need, regulates relationships, and was based on what they already knew. Ex. Grand Jury, Sheriff, justice of peace. |
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| Idea that government is restricted in what it may do, and every individual has certain rights that the government cannot take away. Concept of social contract and basic rights. |
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| Representative Government |
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| Government should serve the will of the people. People have a voice in the government. |
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| King John was in power, Known as the Great Charter, Guarantee fundamental rights as trial by jury and due process of law, Established the idea that the monarchy's power was not absolute. |
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| Charles I was in power, Limited the King's power, challenged divine right, Demanded that the king no longer imprison or otherwise punish any person but by the lawful judgment of his peers or by the law of the land, Declared that the Monarch must obey the law of the land. |
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| William and Mary of Orange was in power, Prohibited a standing army in peacetime, All parliament elections were free, Right to a fair trial, forbade cruel punishment, and prohibited parliament abuse. |
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| Written grant of authority from the king. |
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| Congress made up of 2 houses; having 2 branches. |
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| Congress made up of 1 house; having a single branch. |
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| First Continental Congress |
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| Held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1774 and was prompted by the intolerable acts. All colonies were present except Georgia. They sent the Declaration of Rights to the king to repeal the hated policies. |
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| Second Continental Congress |
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| All 13 colonies were represented in 1775. Considered the first national government of the U.S. for five years. They named a committee of five (Jefferson, Adams, Franklin, Sherman, and Livingston) to write the Declaration of Independence. |
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| Declaration of Independence |
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| Set forth the principles for a new nation. It was signed July 4, 1776. 3 purposes- 1.Unalienable Rights 2.List of Grievances 3.Statement of Independence. Jefferson was the main author and the document stressed equality. |
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| Part of the committee of five and was the main author of the Declaration of Independence. |
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| In order to ratify it took 9 out of 13 states, and it received 11 out of 13. Delaware was the first to ratify. It was composed of the Virginia plan, and New jersey plan, which was known as the Connecticut Compromise. |
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| A common feature of state constitutions and it was the idea that government was created by and subject to the will of the people. |
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| Acceptance of the Constitution to help solve the country's problems. |
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| Articles of Confederation |
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| Revised in order to form a more perfect basis known as the constitution. |
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| 55 Delegates who attended the Philadelphia Convention. |
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| Known as the "Father of the Constitution" and was a leader of the federalist. |
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| Authors include James Madison and Edmund Randolph. It was supported by large states, Gave idea of 2 houses and that representation of both would be based on population. 3 Branches of government and a strong central government. |
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| Author was William Paterson. Called for only 2 branches with a weak executive. Only 1 house and representation would be based on equality regardless of size. Small states supported this. |
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| Author was Roger Sherman. Took ideas from both plans; composed of 2 houses, senate being based equally and House of Representatives being based on population. |
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| Five slaves equals 3 whites or one slave equals 3/5 of a person. |
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| Commerce and slave trade compromise |
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| Allowed slave trade until 1808, congress couldn't tax imports, and congress regulated commerce. |
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| Those who favored the constitution, stressed weakness of the articles of confederation. Led by Madison and Hamilton. 85 federalist papers were published and were wrote by Madison, Hamilton, and Jay. |
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| Those who opposed the constitution, Feared a strong central government and believed that it lacked a Bill of Rights. Led by Patrick Henry and John Hancock. |
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