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| a set of immune defenses that are tailored to the particular pathogens that enter the body |
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| a molecule or particle that the immune system recognizes as nonself |
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| B lymphocyte. Cells derived from them make antibodies |
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| Circulating white blood cell; factor in inflammation |
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| signaling chemicals released by cells of the immune system |
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| phagocytic white blood cell; dendritic cells can mobilize adaptive immunity |
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| white blood cell that targets large parasites, such as worms |
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| a system of interacting white blood cells that defend the body |
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| the bodys ability to resist and fight infections |
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| the body's inborn, general defenses against infection |
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| B cells, T cells, and other white blood cells that are active mainly in tissues and organs of the lymphatic system |
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| phagocytic white blood cell in tissue fluid |
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| white blood cell in many tissues; role in inflammation |
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| phagocyte that follows chemical trails to infected, inflamed or damaged tissues |
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| T lymphocyte. T cells target abnormal body cells, among other roles in adaptive immunity |
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| defense against bacteria and other foreign agents |
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| drains the upper portion of the body |
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| sute where certain T lymphocytes acquire means to chemically recognize specific foreign invaders |
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| major site of antibody production; disposal site for old red blood cells and foreign debris; site of red blood cell formation in an embryo (filers blood and serves as a reservoir for lymphocytes) |
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| return excess tissue fluid and reclaimable solutes to the blood |
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| Filter bacteria and many other agents of disease from lymph |
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| Red marrow in some bones is where white blood cells are produced (also red blood cells and platelets) |
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| the tissue that moves in lymph vessels |
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| organs of the lymphatic system that filter lymph; they are located an intervals along lymph vessels |
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| lymph capillaries and other vessels of the lymphatic system |
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| organs and tissues that return tissue fluid to the cardiovascular system and have roles in defense |
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| an enzyme that destroys many bacteria |
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| helps maintain low vaginal pH that most bacteria/fungi cant tolerate |
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| a set of inactive proteins in blood and tissue fluid; the proteins are activated as part of innate immunity |
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| chemical released by mast cells and basophils that helps cause inflammation; it dilates arterioles and makes them leak |
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| structure formed by complement proteins that puntures bacteria, which then die |
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| proteins made by activated B cells that are the cell's antigen receptors |
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| antibody-mediated immune response |
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| an adaptive immune response in which antibodies are produced against an antigen |
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| antigen receptor on a B cell |
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| B or T cell that has been sensitized to an antigen as an adaptive immune response gets underway. Effectors begin to act as soon as they are sensitized |
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| B or T cell that has been sensitized to an antigen but that remains in reserve and acts in a secondary response |
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| a self-recognition protein on a body cell |
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| cell derived from an activated B cell; it produces antibodies that operate in antibody-mediated immunity |
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| antigen receptor on a T cell |
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| a cell that processes an antigen in ways that allow a T cell to detect it |
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| cell mediated immune response |
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| an adaptive immune response mounted by T cells |
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| effector T cell that kills body cells infected by a virus or that have been altered by cancer |
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| effector T cell that stimulates adapative immune responses |
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| programmed cell death, which is governed by genes |
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| natual killer cell; a lymphocyte that kills virus-infected cells and some types of cancer cells |
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| immunity that develops after a person recives a vaccine, which stimulates the immune system to produce antibodies against a particular pathogen |
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| a clinical therapy that uses immune system cells or substances to treat disease |
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| type of cytokine released by cells that infected by a virus. Uninfected cells may respond by producing substances that prevent the virus from multiplying |
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| antibodies made in the lab by cells cloned from a single plasma (B) cell |
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| immunity conferred by injected antibodies to a pathogen. it does not stimulate the recipient's immune system to produce antibodies |
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| a prepared substance that contains an antigen. most vaccines are made using dead or weakened antigens |
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| a substance that causes an allergic reaction |
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| when a normally harmless substance causes an immune response |
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| a whole-body allergic reaction |
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an immune response unleashed against normal (self) body cells or proteins
Ex. rheumatoid arthritis
type 1 diabetes
systemic lupus erythematosus |
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weakened of absent immune responses
Ex. servere combined immune deficiency (SCID)
AIDS |
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| the lack of an immune response against normal body cells |
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| disease that occurs more or less continously |
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| a disease rate that exceeds what would be expected |
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| an infection acquired in a hospital |
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| widespread occurance of an epidemic disease |
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| a disease that breaks out irregularly |
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| a measure of the likelihood that a pathogen will make its host seriously ill |
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