FRONTALIS

ACTION:

Raise eyebrows

Wrinkles forehead

ATTACHMENT:

O: galea aponeurotica

I: skin of eyebrow, nose

OCCIPITALIS

ACTION:

Tenses and retracts the scalp

ATTACHMENT:

O: occipital bone, mastoid

I: galea aponeurotica

TEMPORALIS

ACTION:

Elevate Mandible

ATTACHMENT:

O: Temporal Lines of Skull

I: Coronoid Process of Mandible

ZYGOMATICUS MAJOR

ACTION:

Elevate, retract corner of mouth

"Smile" Muscle

ATTACHMENT:

O: ZYGOMATIC BONE

I: CORNER ORBICULARIS ORIS

NASALIS

ACTION:

Compreses Bridge of Nose

Elevates Nostril Corners

ATTACHMENT:

O: Maxillary Bone, Cartlage

I: Bridge of Nose

MASSETER

ACTION:

Elevates Mandible

ATTACHMENT:

O: Zygomatic Arch

I: Mandible (lateral ramus)

ORBICULARIS OCULI

ACTION:

Closes Eyelids

ATTACHMENT:

O: Medial Orbit Bones

I: Skin of Eyelid

ORBICULARIS ORIS

ACTION:

Closes Lips, Puckers

Shapes Lips for Speech

ATTACHMENT:

O: Maxillary Bone, Mandible

I: Mucosa of Lips

BUCCINATOR

ACTION:

Compresses Cheeks

Creates Suckling Action Infants

ATTACHMENT:

O: Maxillary Bone, Mandible

I: Orbicularis Oris

MENTALIS

ACTION:

Elevates, Protrudes the Lower Lip (pout)

ATTACHMENT:

O: Fossa on Mandible

I: Skin of Chin

STERNOCLEIDO-MASTOID

ACTION:

Both Together: Flex Neck

Each Singly: Rotate/Turn Head

ATTACHMENT:

O: Sternum (manubrium), Clavicle

I: Mastoid Process

PLATYSMA

ACTION:

Tenses Skin of Neck and

Depresses Mandible

ATTACHMENT:

O: Superior Thorax (between acromian Process & Cartilage Rib #2)

I: Mandible and Skin of Cheek

SEMISPINALIS CAPITIS

ACTION:

Both Together: Extend Head

Each Singly: Extends/Tilts Head

ATTACHMENT:

O: Processes lower cervical and

upper thoracic vertebrae

I: Occipital Bone

SPLENIUS CAPITIS

ACTION:

Both Together: Extend Head

Both Singly: Extend/Tilt Head

ATTACHMENT:

O: Spinous Processes & Ligament

Lower C. Upper T. Vertebrae

I: Mastoid Process (temporal) bone

Occipital Bone, Upper C. Vertebrae

TRAPEZIUS

ACTION:

Elevates Clavicle

Adducts, Elevate, Retracts, and Depresses Scapula

ATTACHMENT:

O: Occipital Bone, All Cervical and

Thoracic Vertebrae

I: Clavicle, Scapula

LATISSIMUS DORSI

ACTION:

Extends, Adducts & Medially

Rotation Shoulder

ATTACHMENT:

O: Lower Thoracic, Lumbar &

Sacral Vertebrae & Ribs 8-12

I: Humerus - Intertubercular Groove

TERES MAJOR

ACTION:

Extention, Adduction & Medial Rotation of Shoulder

ATTACHMENT:

O: Inferior Angle of Scapula

I: Humerus -Intertubercular Groove

TERES MINOR

ACTION:

Lateral Rotation at Shoulder

ATTACHMENT:

O: Lateral Border Scapula

I: Greater Tubercle - Humerus

INFRASPINATUS

ACTION:

Lateral Rotation at Shoulder

ATTACHMENT:

O: Infraspinous Fossa

I: Greater Tubercle - Humerus

SUPRASPINATUS

ACTION:

Abduction at Shoulder

ATTACHMENT:

O: Supraspinous Fossa - Scapula

I: Greater Tubercle - Humerus

DELTOID

ACTION:

Abduct, Flex, Extends and Rotates Shoulder

ATTACHMENT:

O: Clavicle, Scapula

I: Humerus (Deltoid Tuberosity)

PECTORALIS MAJOR

ACTION:

Flex, Adduct and Medial Rotation

at Shoulder

ATTACHMENT:

O: Clavicle, Sternum (body) and

costal cartilage Ribs 2-6

I: Humerus -greater tubercle and

Intertubercular groove

PECTORALIS MINOR

ACTION:

Depress and Protract Shoulder

Rotate Scapula Downward

ATTACHMENT:

O:Ventral Surfaces of Ribs 3-5

I: Coracoid Process - Scapula

SERRATUS ANTERIOR

ACTION:

Lateral and Upward

Rotation of Scapula

ATTACHMENT:

O: Ribs 1-9 Anterior/Superior Margins

I: Anterior Scapula

EXTERNAL INTERCOSTALS

ACTION:

Elevate Ribs during

Inhalation

ATTACHMENT:

O: Inferior Edge of Upper Rib

I: Superior Edge of Lower Rib

INTERNAL INTERCOSTALS

ACTION:

Pulls Ribs in and Down

During EXHALATION

ATTACHMENT:

O: Superior Edge of Lower Rib

I: Inferior Edge of Upper Rib

DIAPHRAGM

ACTION:

Floor of Thoracic Cavity Contraction

*Breath in Moves Floor Downward

ATTACHMENT:

O: Ribs, Xiphoid Process & Lumbar Vertebrae

I: Tendon of Diaphragm

TRICEPS BRACHII

ACTION:

Extends Shoulder

Extends Forearm

ATTACHMENT:

O: Scapula (1) and Humerus (2)

I: Ulna - Olecranon Process

BICEPS BRACHII

ACTION:

Flexes Shoulder, Flex Forearm

Supinate Forearm

ATTACHMENT:

O: Scapula

I: Radial Tuberosity

BRACHIALIS

ACTION:

Flexes Forearm

ATTACHMENT:

O: Humerus

I: Ulna

BRACHIORADIALIS

ACTION:

Flexes Forearm

Supinates Forearm

ATTACHMENT:

O: Humerus - Lateral Epicondyle

I: Radius (styloid process)

PRONATOR TERES

ACTION:

Pronates Forearm

ATTACHMENT:

O: Humerus and Ulna

I: Radius (lateral surface)

WRIST FLEXOR GROUP

FLEXOR CARPI RADIALIS

ACTION: 

FLEX AND ABDUCT WRIST

WRIST FLEXOR GROUP

FLEXOR CARPI ULNARIS

ACTION:

Flex and Adduct Writs

WRIST FLEXOR GROUP

PALMARIS LONGUS

ACTION:

Flex Wrist

WRIST EXTENSOR GROUP

EXTENSOR CARPI RADIALIS LONGUS

ACTION:

Extends and Abducts Wrist

WRIST EXTENSOR GROUP

EXTENSOR CARPI RADIALIS BREVIS

ACTION:

Extends and Abducts Wrist

WRIST EXTENSOR GROUP

EXTENSOR CARPI ULNARIS

ACTION:

Extends and Adducts Wrist

WRIST EXTENSOR GROUP

EXTENSOR DIGITORUM

ACTION:

Extends Wrists and Fingers

WRIST EXTENSOR GROUP

EXTENSOR DIGITI MINIMI

ACTION:

Extends the 5th Digit

RECTUS ABDOMINIS

ACTION:

Compresses Abdomen

Flexes Vertebran Column Anteriorly

Depress Ribs

ATTACHMENT:

O: Pubic Symphysis/Crest

I: Xiphoid and Costal Cartilage

for Ribs 5-7

EXTERNAL OBLIQUE

ACTION:

Both Together:  Compresses Abdomen

On Side At a Time - Flex Spine Laterally

ATTACHMENT:

O: Lower 8 Ribs

I: Iliac Crest, Linea Alba

INTERNAL OBLIQUE

ACTION:

Both Together:  Compresses Abdomen

On Side At a Time - Flex Spine Laterally

ATTACHMENT:

O: Iliac Crest

I: Linea Alba, Lower Ribs & Xiphoid Process

TRANSVERSE ABDOMINIS

ACTION:

Compresses Abdomen

ATTACHMENT:

O: Iliac Crest and Costal Cartilage

of the Lower Ribs

I: Pubis, Linea Alba

GLUTEUS MAXIMUS

ACTION:

Extends and Laterally Rotates the Thigh

ATTACHMENT:

O: Ilium, Sacrum and Coccyx

I: Femur

GLUTEUS MEDIUS

ACTION:

Abducts and Medially Rotates the Thigh

ATTACHMENT:

O: Ilium

I: Femur-Greater Trochanter

TENSOR FASCIAE LATAE

ACTION:

Flex, abduct, medially the thigh

ATTACHMENT:

O: Iliac crest and ASIS

I: Iliotibial Tract

Iliotibial Tract

Non Muscular Structure (ID Only)

ADDUCTOR MAGNUS

ACTION:

Adducts, Flexes and Medially Rotates,

and extends thigh

ATTACHMENT:

O: Ishium, Pubic Ramus

I: Femur, Linea Aspera

ADDUCTOR LONGUS

ACTION:

Adducts, Flex and Medially Rotates,

and extends thigh

ATTACHMENT:

O: Inferior Ramus -Pubis

I: Femur -Linea Aspera

GRACILIS

ACTION:

Flex Leg, adducts and

Medially Rotates Thigh

ATTACHMENT:

O: Inferior Ramus -Pubis

I: Medial Tibia

ILIOPSOAS ILIACUS

ACTION:

Flexes and Laterally Rotates Thigh;

Also Flex Lumbar Spine

ATTACHMENT:

O: Iliac Fossa -Ilium

I: Lesser Trochanter

ILIOPSOAS PSOAS MAJOR

ACTION:

Both: Flexes and Laterally Rotates Thigh;

Also Flex Lumbar Spine

ATTACHMENT:

O: Vertebrae T12-15

I: Lesser Trochanter

SARTORIUS

ACTION:

Flexes Leg, Flexes Thigh, Crosses Leg

ATTACHMENT:

O: Anterior Superior Iliac Spine

I: Tibia (medial surface)

QUADRICEPS

RECTUS FEMORIS

ACTION:

Extends Knee and Flexes Thigh

ATTACHMENT:

O: Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine

I: Patella & Tibia, via Patellar Tendon

QUADRICEPS

VASTUS MEDIALIS

ACTION:

Extends Knee

ATTACHMENT:

O: Linea Aspera of Femur

I:  Patella & Tibia, via Patellar Tendon

QUADRICEPS

VASTUS LATERALIS

ACTION:

Extends Knee

ATTACHMENT:

O: Linea Aspera and below the Greater Trochanter

I:  Patella & Tibia, via Patellar Tendon

QUADRICEPS

VASTUS INTERMEDIUS

ACTION:

Extends Knee

ATTACHMENT:

O: Femur, Linea Aspera

I:  Patella & Tibia, via Patellar Tendon

HAMSTRINGS

BICEPS FEMORIS

ACTION:

Flexes Knee, Extends Thigh,

Lateral Rotation Thigh

ATTACHMENT:

O: Ishial Tuberosity and

Linea Aspera of Femur

I:  Fibual Head, Tibia

HAMSTRINGS

SEMI-TENDINOSUS

ACTION:

Flexes Knee, Extends Thigh,

Medial Rotation Thigh

ATTACHMENT:

O: Ishial Tuberosity

I:  Tibia

HAMSTRINGS

SEMI-MEMBRANOSUS

ACTION:

Flexes Knee, Extends Thigh,

Medial Rotation Thigh

ATTACHMENT:

O: Ishium

I:  Tibia, Femur

TIBIALIS ANTERIOR

ACTION:

Dorsiflexes and Inverts Foot

ATTACHMENT:

O: Tibia -Lateral Condyle

I:  Medial Cuneiform & Calcaneal Tendon

GASTROCNEMIUS

ACTION:

Plantar Flexes, Inverts foot

Adducts Foot, Flexes Knee

ATTACHMENT:

O: Femoral Condyles

I:  Calcaneus via the Calcaneal Tendon

SOLEUS

ACTION:

Plantar Flexes, Inverts foot

Adducts Foot

ATTACHMENT:

O: Fibula, Tibia

I:  Calcaneus via the Calcaneal Tendon

ACHILLES TENDON

CALCANEAL TENDON

Non-Muscular Structure (ID Only)

FIBULARIS LONGUS

ACTION:

Everts Foot, Plantar Flexes Foot

Support Arch

ATTACHMENT:

O: Tibia, Fibia

I:  First Matatarsal Bone

Medial Cuneiform

SARCOLEMMA

[image]

[image]

The Plasma/Cell Membrane of a muscle cell.

It consists of a true cell membrane, called the plasma membrane, and an outer coat made up of a thin layer of polysaccharide material that contains numerous thin collagen fibrils. At each end of the muscle fiber, this surface layer of the sarcolemma fuses with a tendon fiber, and the tendon fibers in turn collect into bundles to form the muscle tendons that then insert into bones. The membrane is designed to receive and conduct stimuli.

SARCOPLASM

the cytoplasm of a muscle cell.

It is a water solution containing ATP and phosphagens, as well as the enzymes and intermediate and product molecules involved in many metabolic reactions. The most abundant metal in the sarcoplasm is potassium

MYOFIBRIL

Organized collections of myofilaments in skeletal and cardia muscle cells

MITOCHONDRIA

An intracellular organelle responsible for generating most of the ATP required for cellular operations

SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM

The special type of smooth endoplasmic reticulum found in smooth and striated muscle fibers whose function is to store and release calcium ions.

The sarcoplasmic reticulum releases calcium ions during muscle contraction and absorb them during relaxation.

TRANSVERSE TUBULES

(T-Tubes)

The Transverse, tubular extension of the Sarcolemma that extend deep into the sarcoplasm,

contacting cisternae of the sarcoplasmic reticulum

THICK FILAMENTS

A cytoskeletal filament in a skeletal or cardiac muscle cell, composed of:

•  myosin with a core of titin

THIN FILAMENTS

A cytoskeletal filament in a skeletal or cardiac muscle cell, consists of:

•  actin
•  troponin
•  tropomyosin

Actin forms the backbone of a thin filament (associate the "tin" in actin with thin) The thin filaments look light and form the I-Band

SARCOMERE

The smallest contractile unit of a

striated muscle cell

The sarcomeres are what give skeletal and cardiac muscles their striated appearance

A BAND

The A Bands are called dArk

The length of the A-band equals the length of a thick filament but has some thin filament.

It also contains subdivisions of M Line, H-Band, and Zone of Overlap

I BAND

Each I-Band, contains thin filaments only.

Extends from A-Band of one sarcomere to the A-Band of the next sarcomere

(Light Band)

Z-LINE

Marks the boundary between adjacent sarcomeres. 

Consists of proteins called actinins which interconnect thin filaments of adjacent sarcomeres.

(middle line of light band)

H-ZONE

In a resting sarcomere,

H Zone/(band) is the lighter region on either side of the M-Line.  Contains only thick filaments

(line on either side of middle line of dark area)

M LINE

The central portion of each thick filament is connected to its neighbors by proteins of the M-Line. 

These dark staining proteins help stabilize the positions of the thick filaments