origin:  medial pterygoid plate

insertion:  medial raphe and pharyngela tubercle of skull

CN X vagus n. via pharyngeal plexus

constricts upper pharynx

origin:  greater and lesser horns of hyoid

insertion:  median raphe

CN X vagus n. via pharyngeal plexus

constricts lower pharynx

origin:  arch of cricoid

insertion:  median raphe of pharynx

CN X vagus n. via pharyngeal; recurrent and external laryngeal n.

constricts lower pharynx

origin:  styloid process

insertion:  thyroid cartilage

CN XII glossopharyngeal n.

elevates pharynx and larynx

origin:  hard palate; soft palate

insertion:  thyroid cartilage

CN X vagus n. via pharyngeal plexus

elevates pharynx and larynx; closes nasopharynx

origin:  cartilage of auditory tube

insertion:  muscles of pharynx

CN X vagus n. vai pharyngeal plexus

elevates pharynx; opens auditory tube