Term
| How does the muscle get more ATP? |
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Definition
-break down of creatine phosphate
-aerobic respiration
-anaerobic respiration |
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Term
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Definition
-high energy compound
-transfers phosphate from CP to ADP |
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Term
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Definition
-blood can't supply muscles with O2 fast enough
-glucose -> pyruvate -> lactic acid |
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Term
| Very short duration, very strenuous exercise |
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Definition
| ATP and Creatine Phosphate stores |
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Term
| Moderate-long duration, moderately strenuous |
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Definition
-aerobic and anaerobic
-burning fats and carbs |
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Term
| long duration, less strenuous |
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Definition
-aerobic
-burning mostly fats |
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Term
| muscle fatigue conditions |
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Definition
-decrease in ATP levels
-decrease in glucose/glycogen levels
-ionic balance around sarcolemma esp K and Na
-Ca leaks out of muscle cells that are worked a lot |
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Term
| Accumulation of lactic acid? |
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Definition
| -special membrane channels in muscle cells for lactic acid bring it back into cell, turns it to pyruvate and returns to Krebs cycle if O2 is available |
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Term
| ionic balance around sarcolemma |
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Definition
-when electrical signal travels Na and K switch places across membrane
-Na/K pump (needs ATP): compound in membrane that "switches" them back
-ion balance is not right and membrane is slow to respond to nerve stimulation |
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Term
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Definition
1. body is trying to remove and use lactic acid
2. body is trying to rebuild energy stores
3. some lactic acid remains in muscle or close to muscle -> back into muscle
4. lactic acid in blood is swept away
-all processes require o2 and energy |
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Term
| Effects of aerobic exercise (endurance) |
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Definition
-More mitochondria per cell
-higher myoglobin content of cells
-more capillaries around cells
-more production of lipases
-more production of all enzymes
-greater efficiency of aerobic respiration
-greater endurance, slower to fatigue, less lactic acid buildup |
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Term
| Benefits of Anaerobic exercise (strength) |
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Definition
-more myofilaments per cell
-greater strength of CT sheaths
-more glycogen storage
-slight increase in the # of mitochondria
-increase in muscle size and strength |
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Term
| Smooth Muscle microscopic structure |
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Definition
-very small
-one nucleus
-no t-tubules
-microfilaments aren't arranged in parallel rows
-cells have endomysium, but no peri-or epi- |
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Term
| organization of smooth muscle |
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Definition
-usually held by cartilage and elastic fibers
-arranged in thick sheets |
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Term
| when cells of the circular layer contract |
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Definition
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Term
| when longitudinal layer contracts |
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Definition
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Term
| myosin head ATPase activity |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-fatigues slowly
-does a lot of aerobic respiration
-endurance |
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Term
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Definition
-fatigues rapidly
-primarily anaerobic
-strength, speed, short duration |
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