Term
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Definition
| fine, longitudinal fibers consisting of thick and thin myofilaments |
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Term
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Definition
The filaments of myofibrils constructed from proteins
thin filaments--protein actin
thick filaments--protein myosin (golf club shaped head binds to actin during contraction) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| covers groups of m. fibers (fasciculi) |
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Term
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Definition
| groups of m. fibers together, wrapped with perimysium |
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Term
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Definition
| covers entire m. or organ |
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Term
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Definition
| cell membrane of a m. cell, encasing cytoplasm and organelles of muscle tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| cytoplasm of m. cell, surrounds organelles of m. cells |
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Term
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Definition
Similar to edoplasmic reticulum. Fluid filled system of cavities that contain sarcomeres.
Stores and releases calcium ions for during contraction |
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Term
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Definition
M. contractile unit, consisting of myosin, actin,
HAIZ (from center of cell to end of cell)
H-bands (contains myosin only),
A-bands (contains both myosin and actin)
I-bands (contains actin only)
Z-lines adjoin next sarcomere
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Term
| Name the defining ends of sarcomeres (m. fibers) |
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Definition
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Term
| Functions of muscle tissue |
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Definition
External and Internal(organ movement) Mobililty
Heat production
Posture maintenance |
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Term
| Muscle cell properties that give them ability to move |
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Definition
Excitability (respond to stimulus)
Contractility
Extensibility
Elasticity (ability to return to resting length after movement) |
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Term
1. Motor neuron
2. How many m. fibers do motor neurons connect to
3. Motor unit |
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Definition
Sends impulses to m. cell for contraction or inhibited contraction
10 or 1000 m. fibers
motor neuron and all m. fibers it connects to |
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Term
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Definition
| motor neurons connect to folded sections of sarcolemma |
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Term
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Definition
the junction where motor neurons and motor end plates meet
The synapse is contained in this junction |
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Term
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Definition
Principle neurotransmitter involved in m. contraction
ACh crosses synaptic cleft to the sarcolemma and binds with receptors sites on the motor end plate.
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Term
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Definition
If stimulus lacks sufficient intensity (subthreshold stimulus), m. contraction does not take place
Either all fibers contract, or no fibers contract. Is true ONLY for motor units, not entire muscle. Thousands of motor units make up a muscle.
When more strength is required, additional motor units are stimulated, resulting in a stronger m. contraction. |
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Term
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Definition
| Process of motor unit activation based on need |
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Term
| What is a chemical cause of a muscle spasm |
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Definition
| Calcium leaks from sarcoplasmic reticulum w/out nerve stimulation, which can occur as a result of a m. tear. Calcium triggers a contraction, setting up a spasm unless something flushes out the CA from the cells (massage!) |
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Term
| What is adenosine triphosphate (ATP) |
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Definition
Energy producing compound, produced by body's cells when myosin bonds to actin within myfibrils creating m. contraction. ATP is then released, ready for the next contraction.
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Muscles that stabilize a joint over which an prime mover exerts its action |
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Term
| Reciprocal inhibition (Sherrington's Law) |
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Definition
| When a nerve impulse causes a muscle to contract, it's antagonist receives impulses to relax |
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Term
| Slow twitch muscle fibers |
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Definition
Red muscle
Good blood supply
Fatigue slowly
Produce ATP quickly to keep up with m. energy needed
Rich if oxygen |
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Term
| Fast twitch muscle fibers |
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Definition
White muscle
Larger in diameter than slow twitch
Uses ATP quickly, causing rapid fatigue
Fast moving |
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Term
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Definition
A proprioceptor that is stretch sensitive, located within m. belly
When m. is quickly stretched (balistic), the m. spindle detect the sudden motion and an impulse is sent to contract to avoid overstretching and tearing |
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Term
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Definition
A proprioceptor in the musculotendinous junction. Detect tension applied to tendon. Nervous system responds by inhibiting m. contraction, allowing m. to relax and stretch.
Prevents tearing by allowing the m. to use it's elastic capability to prevent tearing |
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Term
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Definition
dynamic movement.
tone is the same, but length changes
Involved concentric and eccentric contractions |
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Term
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Definition
| contract m. while it's shortened |
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Term
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Definition
| contracting m. while it's lengthened |
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Term
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Definition
| M. contracts, but length stays the same--there is no movement |
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