Muscles acting on the SCAPULA:

Anterior Group

-Pectoris Minor

-Serratus Anterior

Both act to protract scapula. 

Attaches to the coracoid process of the scapula.

*Brings scapula forward.

Serratus Anterior

*DR. DEAN'S FAVORITE MUSCLE

Attaches to the anterior aspect of the medial border of the scapula (long thoracic nerve).

-Gives ability to raise arms above head (rotate scapula).

*Humans and Apes are the ONLY creatures capable of using serratus anterior.

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Muscles Acting on The Scapula:

Posterior Group

-Trapezius

-Rhomboids

-Levator Scapulae

Attaches to the spine of the scapula (accessory nerve).

-Elevates, depresses, and retracts scapula.

Attach to the medial border of the scapula.

-Also retracts and elevates but does NOT depress.

-Pectoralis Major (anteriorly)

-Latissimus Dorsi (posteriorly)

-Deltoid

-Axillary Nerve

-Teres Major

-Biceps Brachii

-Coracobrachialis

-Musculotaneous Nerve

Bears primary role for attaching the upper limb to the trunk.

-Adducts and medially rotates the humerus.

Superficial flexor of the elbow and the major supinator of the forearm.

2 superior heads both attach to the scapula.

-Long head attaches to supraglenoid tubercle.

-Short to the coracoid process.

Attaches to the coracoid process of the scapula.

Innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve (branch of the brachial plexus).

-Prime flexor of the shoulder

SITS

S-supraspinatus

I-infraspinatus

T-teres minor

S-subscapularis

Teres Major

Remember John McCain Example

PRIMARY MOVERS FOR FLEXION

-Biceps brachii

-Brachialis

-Triceps Brachii (located on posterior side of the humerus).

-Has 3 heads.

-Innervated by the radial nerve 

-Major Supinator

(Refer to diagram, page 215)

Muscles acting on the Wrist and Hand:

Anterior Compartment

Wraps around from the posterior side of the arm so it's innervated by the radial nerve.

MAJOR FLEXOR of the elbow

Muscles Acting on the Wrist and Hand:

Anterior Compartment-Superficial Layer

-Flexor Carpi Radialis

-Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

-Palmaris Longus

-Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

Powerful wrist flexor that also pulls the hand toward the midline.

(Adduction)

Muscle found beneath the flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, and palmaris longus.

Flexes the wrist, metacarpalphalangeal joints, and the proximal and interphalangeal joints of digits 2 through 5 (NOT the thumb).

Weak flexor of the elbow.

Muscle Acting on the Wrist and Hand:

Anterior Compartment-Deep Layer

-Flexor Pollicis Longus

-Flexor Digitorum Profundus

Flexes the wrist, metacarpalphalangeal joints, and all interphalangeal joints of digits 2-5.

Innervated by both the medial and ulnar nerve,

Muscles Acting on the Wrist Hand:

Posterior Compartment-Deep Layer

-Extensor Indicis

-Abductor Pollicis Longus

-Extensor Pollicis Longus

-Extensor Pollicis Brevis

-Thenar

-Hypothenar

-Midpalmar

-Abductor pollicis brevis

-Adductor pollicis

-Flexor pollicis brevis

-Opponens Pollicis

Adducts Thumb

(Not part of the thenar mid-palmar muscles)

-Abductor Digiti Minimi

-Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis

-Opponens Digiti Minimi

-Dorsal Interossei M.M.

-Palmar Interossei M.M.

-Lumbrical M.M.

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

(Pinched Median Nerve)

Muscles acting on the Hip and Femur:

Anterior

Originate on the hip bone.

-Iliacus

-Psoas Major

-Iliopsoas

-Femoral Nerve

-Lumbar Plexus

Lower portion of Vertebral Column.

(Inserts jointly on the Lesser Trochanter of the Femur)

Embedded in a thick portion of the fascia lata of the thigh (iliotibial band).

Contracts to tighten the iliotibal band and assist in bracing the knee when you raise opposite foot while walking.

Posterior Muscles of the Hip:

Gluteal Muscles

-Gluteus Maximus

-Gluteus Medius

-Gluteus Minimus

Posterior Muscles of the Hip:

Lateral Rotators

-Piriformis (most superior)

-Superior Gemellus

-Obturator Internus

-Inferior Gemellus

-Quadratus Femoris

Abduct and Medially rotate the femur and are both innervated by the superior gluteal nerve.

-Without these muscles, we would not be able to walk bipedally.

Oppose medial rotation by the gluteus medius and minimus.

All innervated segmentally by the sacral plexus.

-Largest Compartment

-Extremely important to flex thighs & knees

Composed of Muscles that extend the hip and flex the knee.

All muscles are innervated by the sciatic nerve.

-Semitendinosus

-Semimembranosus

-Biceps Femoris

-Composed of Muscles that Adduct the thigh

Muscles all innervated by the obturator nerve.

-Adductor Longus

-Adductor Brevis (under longus)

-Adductor Magnus (extends hip)

-Gracilis

-Pectineus

-Satorius

-Quadriceps Femoris (4 part muscle)

Rectus Femoris

Vastus Lateralis

Vastus Medialis

Vastus Intermedius

Share common tendon (quadriceps tendon)

-Patella embedded within

-Attaches to the tibial tuberosity as Patellar Ligament

Dorsiflex the Ankle (keeps toes from scraping ground as you walk).

-Tibialis Anterior

-Extensor Digitorum Longus

-Extensor Hallucis Longus (deep)

-Fibularis Tertius (short fibular muscle)

Located next to shin

-What you feel!

You cannot walk bipedally.

It will cripple you

Deep Fibular Nerve Damage.

A.K.A. Dorsiflex Condition

Posterior Compartment of the Leg:

Superficial Layer

Plantar Flexors:

-Gastrocnemius (also flexes knee)

-Soleus

-Plantaris

Post. Comp. of the Leg:

Deep Layer

Plantar Flexors (invert the foot)

-Flexor Digitorum Longus

-Flexor Hallucis Longus

-Tibialis Posterior

Plantar Flex (evert the foot)

-Fibularis Longus

-Fibularis Brevis

Both are innervated by the superficial fibular nerve

-Flexor Digitorum Brevis

-Abductor Digiti Minimi

-Abductor Hallucis

Either flex or abduct the digit within their name

-Quadratus Plantae

-Lumbricals (4)

-Adductor Hallucis

-Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis

-Flexor Hallucis Brevis