Origin: pubic symphysis and superior margin of pubis

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Insertion: Xiphoid process and costal cartridges of rib 5-rib 7

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Action: flexes lumbar region of vertebral column

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Origin: nichal ligament, ribs 3-12, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, median and lateral sacral crests, thoracolumbar fascia

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Insertion: mastoid process,cervical and thoracic vertebrae, all ribs

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Action: extension and lateral flexion of vertebral column

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Origin: vertebrae T6-T10

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Insertion: vertebrae C6-T4

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Action: extension and contralateral rotation of vertebral column

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Origin: vertebrae C4-L5, posterior superior iliac spine, sacrum, aponeurosis or erector spinae

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Insertion: laminae and spinous processes of vertebrae superior to origins

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Action: stabilization of adjacent vertebrae, control of vertebral movement with erector spinae

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Origin: iliac crest and iliolumbar ligament

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Insertion: last rib and transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae 1-4

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Action: depresses ribs, alone, each side laterally flexes vertebral column, together the extend vertebral column

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