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muscular tissue
chapter 11
26
Anatomy
Graduate
06/24/2011
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Term
muscle fibers
 Definition
has transverse (t) tubules
Term
functions of t tubules
 Definition
carry electric current from surface to interior of cell where it stimulates terminal cisternae to release calcium
Term
sarcoplasmic reticulum
 Definition
calcium storage organelle
Term
sarcoplasm
 Definition
contains glycogen (stored energy) and myoglobin ( binds oxygen)
Term
myofilaments
 Definition
central to muscle contraction
Term
thick myofilaments
 Definition
made of myosin shaped like a golf club
Term
thin myofilaments
 Definition
made up of actin. each has active site that can bind the head of myosin molecule
Term
tropomyosin and troponin
 Definition
regulatory protein of muscle contraction
Term
sacromere
 Definition
unit of contraction of muscle fiber
Term
skeletal muscle
 Definition
innervated by somatic motor neurons
Term
motor unit
 Definition
consists one nerve fiber and all the muscle fibers it innervates
Term
synapse
 Definition
point of contact between neuron and its target cell
Term
neuromusclar junction
 Definition
target cell is muscle cell synapse
Term
neuromuscular junction
 Definition
neurotransmitter is always acetylcholine(ach) also present is acetylcholinesterase that breaks down ach after stimulation
Term
electrophysiology
 Definition
study of electrical activity of cells
Term
resting membrane potential
 Definition
RMP; stable voltage across plasma membrane of unstimulated cell
Term
action potential
 Definition
rapid voltage change in which plasma membrane briefly reverse polarity
Term
treshold
 Definition
minimal voltage necessary to produce a muscle contraction
Term
twitch
 Definition
cycle of muscle contraction and relaxation after a single, brief stimulus
Term
latent period
 Definition
period of time when a muscle will not contract after 2 successive twitches
Term
muscle fatigue
 Definition
progressive and loss of contractility
Term
oxygen debt
 Definition
difference between resting state of oxygen consumption and elevated rate following exercise
Term
fast-twitch fibers
 Definition
large; used for stop-and-go activities; have a white appearance
Term
slow-twitch fibers
 Definition
small; are high endurance fibers; have dark appearance
Term
muliunit smooth muscle
 Definition
terminal branch of an axon synapse with individual muscle cells and form motor unit
Term
single-unit smooth muscle
 Definition
nerve fiber does not synapse with particular cell but rather releases neurotransmitter at several point within tissue
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