Term
| slowly progressive destruction of articular cartilage that affects weight bearing joints and fingers of older persons or the joints of younger persons subjected to trauma |
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Definition
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Term
| the most common type of joint disease and one of the 10 most disabling conditions in developed nations |
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Definition
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Term
| an intrinsic disease of cartilage |
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Definition
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Term
| wear-tear arthritis and degenerative joint disease |
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Definition
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Term
| has a known underlying cause, including congenital or aquired incongruity of joints, trauma, crystal deposits, infection, metabolic diseases, endocrinopathies, inflammatory diseases |
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Definition
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Term
| the biochemical changes of osteoarthritis mainly involved |
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Definition
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Term
| proteoglycan content and aggregation |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| water content of osteoarthritic cartilage |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| occurs due to local increases in IL-1betha, TNF-alpha, and matrix metalloproteinase |
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Definition
| condrocyte apoptosis, decreased type II collagen synthesis and extracellular matrix breakdown |
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Term
| gene for type II collagen |
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Definition
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Term
| joints commonly affected by osteoarthritis |
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Definition
| PIP, DIP, joints in arms, knees, hips, cervical spine, lumbar spine |
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Term
| characterized radiologically |
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Definition
| narrowing of joint space, increased thickness of subchondral bone, subchondral bone cysts, large peripheral growths of bone and artilage called osteophytes |
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Term
| large peripheral growths of bone and cartilage |
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Definition
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Term
| empty lacunae in articular cartilage indicate |
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Definition
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Term
| surface cracks parallel to the long axis of the articular surface |
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Definition
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Term
| induces inflammation resulting in hyperemic and hypertrophied synovium |
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Definition
| pieces of articular cartilage break off and lodge in the synovium |
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Term
| neovascularization from the epiphysis and subchondral bone induces |
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Definition
| subchondral osteoclastic bone resorption and adjacent osteoblastic activity resulting in thickening of the subchondral bone plate |
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Term
| after neovascularization a ______ forms as a poor substitute for the articular hyaline cartilage |
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Definition
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Term
| exposed areas of subchondral bone |
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Definition
| eburnated (ivory like) bone |
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Term
| eburnated bone cracks and allows synovial fluid to extend from the joint surface into the subchondral bone marrow producing |
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Definition
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Term
| usualy develops in the lateral portions of the joint |
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Definition
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Term
| pearly grayish bone nodules in the periphery of the joint surface |
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Definition
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Term
| produces the "lipping" pattern seen on radiologi studies of the spine |
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Definition
| osteophyte at lateral edges of intervertebral disks |
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Term
| osteophyte at the distal interphalangeal joints |
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Definition
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Term
| deep achy oint pain that follows activity and is relieved by rest |
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Definition
| clinical hallmark of osteoarthritis |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| a systemic chronic inflammatory disease in which chronic polyarthritis involves diarthrodial joints symmetrically and bilaterally |
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Definition
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Term
| cause of rheumatoid arthritis |
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Definition
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Term
| have pivotal roles in the development, progresion and chronicity of RA |
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Definition
| genetic predisposition, environment, and autoimmunity |
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Term
| 10% of patients with classic RA are positive for |
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Definition
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Term
| RA patients have increased levels of |
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Definition
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Term
| presence of RF in high titer is associated with |
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Definition
| severe disease, many systemic complications, and a serious prognosis |
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Term
| Joint destruction in RA reflects |
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Definition
| local productoin of cytokines, especially TNF and IL-1 |
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Term
| most patients with RA develop antibodies against |
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Definition
| a nuclear antigen in B cell infected with EBV |
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Term
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Definition
| infiltration of synovial stroma by a dense perivascular inflammatory infiltrate |
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Term
| small fibrin nodules that float in the joint |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| mass of synovium and synovial stroma consisting of inflammatory cells, granulation tissue, and synovial fibroblasts which grows over the articular cartilage and penetrates the subchondral bone |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| tendons and ligaments - deformities and instabilities |
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Term
| forms when the pannus bridges the opposing bones |
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Definition
| fibrous ankylosis which eventually ossifies and results in bony ankylosis |
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Term
| found in extra-articular locations |
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Definition
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Term
| has a central core of fibrinoid necrosis |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| malaise, fatigue, generalized MSK pain |
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Term
| ____ joints are affected before _____ ones |
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Definition
| smaller, larger. symmetrical pattern |
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Term
| RA symptoms usually develop in the _____ and _______ |
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Definition
| hands, feet. followed by wrists, ankles, elbows, knees |
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Term
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Definition
| swollen, warm, painful, stiff |
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Term
| clinical features to diagnose RA |
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Definition
1. morning stiffness
2. arthritis in three or more joint areas
3. arthritis of hand joints
4. symmetri arthritis
5. rheumatoid nodules
6. serum rheumatoid factor
7. typical radiographic changes |
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Term
| most common cutaneous lesion in RA |
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Definition
| rheumatoid nodules in areas of the skin that are subjected to pressure |
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Term
| radiographic hallmarks of RA |
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Definition
| joint effusions and juxtra-articular osteopenia with erosions and narrowing of the joint space with loss of articular cartilage |
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Term
| acute necrotizing vasculatis (with RA) affects what organ |
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Definition
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Term
| increased serum uric acid and urate crystal deposition in joints and kidneys |
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Definition
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Term
| fewer than __% of people with hyperuricemia have gout |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| uric acid is only eliminated in |
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Definition
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Term
| normal blood uric acid level |
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Definition
| >7 mg/dl men, >6 mg/dl women |
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Term
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Definition
overproduction of purines
increased catabolism of nucleic acids due to greater cell turnover
decreased salvage of fre purine bases
decreased urinary uric acid excretion |
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Term
| most cases 85% of idiopathic gout result from |
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Definition
| unexplained impairment of renal uric acid excretion |
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Term
| has a genetic predisposition |
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Definition
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Term
| inherited, Xlinked deficiency of HPRT, a defect that enhances purine synthesis |
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Definition
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Term
| babies are normal but exhibit delays in development and neurological dysfunction within the first year |
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Definition
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Term
| heavy alcohol consumption predisposes to |
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Definition
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Term
| obesity increases the risk of |
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Definition
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Term
| lead toxicity increases the tendency to develop |
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Definition
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Term
| painful and red first metatarsophalangeal joint |
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Definition
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Term
| common in later course of gout |
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Definition
| polyarticular involvement with fever |
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Term
| urate crystals in synovial membrane stiumlate |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| long needle shaped crystals that are negatively berefrigent under polaried light |
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Term
| intercritical period of gout |
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Definition
| asymptomatic interval between the initial acute attack and subsequent episodes (up to 10 years) |
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Term
| appears in the untreated patient in the form of trophi in the cartilage, synovial membranes, tendons, and soft tissues |
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Definition
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Term
| an extracellular soft tissue deposit of urate crystal surrounded by foreign body giant cells and associated inflammatory cells |
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Definition
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Term
| responsible for 10% of deaths in persons with gout |
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Definition
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Term
| 10% of all renal calculi in USA |
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Definition
| urate nephropathy (urate stones) |
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Term
| accumulation of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) in synovial membranes (pseudogout), joint cartilage (chondocalcinosis), ligaments and tendons |
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Definition
| calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate deposition disease |
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Term
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Definition
| idiopathic, trauma, metabolic disorders, rarely hereditary |
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Term
| half of those over 85 are affected with |
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Definition
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Term
| most CPPD cases in elderly are |
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Definition
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Term
| self limited attacks of acute arthritis of gout like symptoms |
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Definition
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Term
| variant of CPPD depositions disease in which multiple joints are chronically involved |
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Definition
| pseudorheumatoid arthritis |
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Term
| characterized by joint destruction severe enough to resemble a neurtropic joint |
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Definition
| pseudoneurotrophic disease |
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Term
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Definition
| chalky white areas on carilaginous surfaces |
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Term
| stubby short and rhomboid (coffin shapes) |
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Definition
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Term
| weak positive birefringence under polarized light |
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Definition
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