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| Muslim holy book; words of God recorded by the prophet Muhammed |
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| Tower connected to the mosque from which the muezzin recites the azan |
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| Musical specialist who sings the azan from the minaret to call Muslims to prayer |
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| A musical call to prayer performed by the muezzin from the minaret |
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| A mode system used to compose music or improvise a taqasim |
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| An improvisational section, may be solo or accompanied by ostinato |
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| heterophonic texture/idiomatic heterophony |
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| Different instruments playing a melody differently |
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| Like a tala from India, a specific rhythmic pattern, such as the Sama'i (10/8) or 8-beat Palestinian folk meter. |
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| 10/8 iq'a from Classical Arab music with grouping 3+2+2+3 |
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| Repetitive accompaniment pattern |
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| Ecstasy or enchantment from performance; good rapport with audience |
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| In concerto grosso, a part wherein the whole orchestra participates |
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| Form comparable to takht in M.E. culture because full composition alternating with a concertino part is a lot like the composition alternating with taqasim sections |
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| Arab tambourine-like frame drum |
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| Trapezoidal zither, ancestor of piano in that it is hammered |
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| Trapezoidal zither, ancestor of harpsichord in that it's plucked |
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| North African contemporary ancestor of rebec/guitar/violin family |
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| Short-necked lute (solos; ancestor of Western lute) |
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| Long-necked lute (accompaniment; ancestor of cello) |
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| Muslim mystic who likes to gain union with Allah through song and dance which often lead to possession, similar to Christian Penetecostal tradition |
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| Required pilgrimage to Mecca |
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| Big holy boxy building around which the most holy mosque is build in Mecca. Muslims perform the tawaf by circumambulating the Kaaba 7 times. |
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| Four great subjects which were core to the Greeks: music, math, astronomy, and geometry. Arabs translated the Greek texts |
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| Conquered Arabs, ruled from 15th century to the 19th century. They had a massive, multilingual empire controlling much of southeast Europe, Western Asia, and North Africa. Their musical legacy was the basis for classical tradition. |
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| The Arabs invade Spain in 711 AD to trigger the spread of Muslim influence across North Africa, Central Asia, parts of Southeast Asia; creative exchange between Arab and Western world |
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| a trait of music which, if you change your focus, could be heard in different meters |
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| a language whose word meanings are affected by pitch, including Bantu language family |
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| musical signals with verbal linguistic signification, i.e. talking drums |
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| interlocking of parts such that one plays while the other rests and the melody is shared |
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| member of a society in which the food and supplies are foraged from wild plants and animals |
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| also known as a "thumb piano," consisting of a wooden board to which staggered metal keys have been attached, often also including a resonator |
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| an all-night Shona ritual in which members of an extended family call on ancestral spirits for guidance and intercession; music on mbira, hosho rattle, and clapping accompany song and dance |
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| giving inanimate things human characteristics |
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| The lowest drum in an ensemble, played by the master drummer with considerably more freedom and flexibility than the other drummers enjoy |
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| The music specialist who undergoes long training to play the master drum and understand the complicated communication with dancers, among other things |
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| the process by which cultures influence each other |
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| acculturation through shared traits between cultures |
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| music which borrows from North and Latin American pop styles and traditional African features |
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| nationalism vs. tribalism |
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| Styles which are sort of pan-Zimbabwean, for example, instead of Shona-specific; Afro-pop is an example of a national style |
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