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Music History
Chapters 11 and 13
26
Art History
Undergraduate 2
09/25/2010

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Term
Roman de Fauvel
Definition
Started in 1314 by poet, Gerves de Bus. Later finished by Chaillou de Pesstain and Philippe de Vitry. All three were young notaries at the French royal court who knew the inside scoop on what happened behind the back of King Philip IV and wrote this poem as a warning for the next ruler.
Term
Roman de Fauvel : how was music incorporated
Definition
Music interrupts the poetic nature. There is  use of widely divergent rhythmic duration like the Ars Nova. Perfect mode. Imperfect timing.
Term
Phillippe de Vitry
Definition
One of the first to start isorhythm (same rhythm - usually repeated in the tenor voice) ; Notary in the royal court and an influential music theorist. Also Mathematician, astronomer, politician, soldier, diplomat, and bishop of the city of Meaux.
Term
isorhythm
Definition
same rhythm ; rhythmic pattern is repeated again and again, usually in the tenor voice.
Term
talea and color
Definition
talea is the rhythmic pattern of isorhythm ; in isorhythmic motet the moelodic unit is the color
Term
Royal dances. 1st type?
Definition
carole - singers and dancers grouped in a circle. soloist sang a strophe of text and then everyone joined in for the refrain
Term
Royal dance. 2nd type?
Definition
estampie : "stomp" ; dancers sang about love while they danced. during 13th and 14th centuries, text is often dropped, leaving purely instrumental piece, either monophonic or polyphonic. each punctum (phrase) is different but they all have the same ending, a refrain
Term
open and closed endings
Definition
like a 1st and second ending to each phrase. AxAyBxByCxCyDxDy.
Term
Musical Instruments in the Medieval era. Sources?
Definition
Music theory treatises, poems, and paintings
Term
vielle
Definition
most likely to accompany an estampie ; five-string fiddle capable of playing the entire Guidonian scale.
Term
shawn
Definition
ancestor of the modern oboe ; double-reed instrument with a loud penetrating tone
Term
Robertsbridge Codex
Definition
earliest surviving collection of keyboard music; preserves 3 estampies and arrangements of 3 motets from the Roman de Fauvel.
Term
portative organ
Definition
small movable instrument that sounded at courtly entertainments, usually to accompany singers rather than dancers.
Term
positive organ
Definition
large stationary instrument that began to appear in large numbers in churches
Term
clavichord
Definition
keyboard instrument. sound produced is very quiet, the quietest of any instrument.
Term
Avignon : importance in the late medieval era
Definition
Palace of the Popes. The towers at the palace were a continuation of families' towers in Italian city-states where families had sought refuge during the furious vendettas of the Middle Ages. This is where the most progressive music of the late 14th century was written.
Term
Babylonian Captivity
Definition
almost 100 years when the papacy resided in Avignon
Term
Great Western Schism
Definition
1378-1417. Period of time when there were two different popes. One in Avignon. One in Italy. Each claiming to be the next pope of Western Europe.
Term
Clementine Chapel
Definition
model structure that Pope Sixtus IV used to build the Vatican
Term
cappella
Definition
a building consecrated for religious worship ; organized group of high trained musicians who sang at these services.
Term
Baude Cordier
Definition
nickname of Baude Fresnel ; his scores were shapped like a heart, circle, harp, and a labyrinth to symbolize the meaning of the text. "tout par compas suy composes" (text of his rondeau found on the manuscripts in Avignon) ; music is marked by unusual rhythmic sophistication
Term
Ars Subtilior
Definition
the more subtle art ; style of rhythmically complex music. It is marked by the most subtle, sometimes extreme rhythmic relationships.
Term
Philippus de Caserta
Definition
Italian composer who used complex rhythm in his works. During this time there is more use of syncopation which suggests that they were using polymeter, two or more meters sounding simultaneously. This also lead to proportions which is, time signatures that modified the normal value of notes.
Term
Ubi papa, ibi Roma
Definition
"Wherever is the pope, there be Rome" ; referring to Avignon. the popes of Avignon. there are documents calling the palace of the popes in Avignon, Rome.
Term
canon
Definition
literally means "rule". In music the rule is that the 2nd voice must duplicate exactly the pitches and rhythms of the first. Ex. "Row, Row, Row your boat"
Term
Franceso Petrarch
Definition
Italian poet who called the city of Avignon, "this profane Babylon that knows no shame". Because he compared Avignon to Babylon, the city of luxury and vice, historians named the period of time from 1309-1403, the Babylonian Captivity.
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