Term
| Crystalloids: What is it and what kinds? |
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Definition
(can diffuse through membranes)
–Dextrose solutions – supplies water and calories from the sugar
–Sodium chloride solutions – for normal mechanisms
–Dextrose plus sodium chloride
–Lactated Ringer’s solution – lots of electrolytes |
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Term
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Definition
Percentage solutions express the # of grams of solute/100g of solvent. Provides calories, reduces catabolism of protein, offers fluid.
Ex: D5W contains 5g dextrose in 100ml water. Available as D2.5W, D5W, D10W
•Anything higher = central line only |
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Term
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Definition
Isotonic 0.9% NaCl
–Also available as 0.25% NaCl, 0.45% NaCl
–Treats shock, hyponatremia, and used for fluid replacement |
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Term
| Lactated Ringer’s solution |
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Definition
a fluid and electrolyte replenisher similar to normal saline but has potassium and calcium.
–Most commonly prescribed rehydration
–Restores fluids after burns |
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Term
| Continuous infusion: (IV DRIPS) |
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Definition
| Gtt/min = [Volume x gtt/ml]/min |
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Term
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Definition
| Used to deliver medications intermittently, q6h for example. Connect the primary IV solution to the patient. “Piggyback” the medication via a Y connection. |
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Term
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Definition
| Ml/hr = [Volume (ml) x 60min/hr]/ Time (min) |
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Term
| Furosemide (Lasix – diuretic) |
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Definition
| Adverse reactions: hypokalemia, hyponatremia, dehydration, nausea, ototoxicity |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
results from stimulation of sensory nerve fibers
Acute versus chronic pain (>3months)
Characteristics of each opioid drug is based on its affinity to various receptors |
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Term
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Definition
Mild to strong agonists (bind to pain receptors)
•What is the commonly used trade name for:
–Codeine
–Hydrocodone
–Propoxyphene
–Morpine
–Oxycodone
–Meperidine |
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Term
| Opioid Analgesics: Contraindications |
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Definition
•Known drug allergy
•Severe asthma
Drug allergy – systemic inflammation, respiratory distress,
→ Constipation is not an allergy
Use with extreme caution if:
•Respiratory insufficiency
•Elevated intracranial pressure
•Morbid obesity
•Sleep apnea
•Paralytic ileus |
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Term
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Definition
naloxone (Narcan) IV over 30 seconds, naltrexone (Revia)
–Bind to opiate receptors and prevent a response
–Used for complete or partial reversal of opioid-induced respiratory depression |
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Term
| Effects and adverse effects of opioids. |
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Definition
Histamine release = patient will feel itchy.
•Decreased GI motility = Constipation
•Irritate GI tract = Stomach ache, Activates Nausea Center
•Increased bladder tone = Bladder gets tight and it’s hard to pee
•CNS depression = lethargic, sleepy. |
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Term
| Opioids: Nursing Implications |
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Definition
Give with food to minimize gastric upset
•Ensure safety measures. Keep side rails up
•Withhold dose and contact MD if there is a decline in the patient’s condition or if vital signs are abnormal, especially if respiratory rate is less than 12 breaths/min |
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Term
| Assist primary drugs in relieving pain |
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Definition
–NSAIDs
–Antidepressants & Anticonvulsants – help w/ pain control
–Corticosteroids – helps with inflammation which will help with pain
•Example: Adjuvant drugs for neuropathic pain
–Amitriptyline (antidepressant)
–Gabapentin or pregabalin (anticonvulsants) |
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Term
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Definition
* Patient-Centered Care
* Teamwork & Collaboration
* Evidence Based Practice
* Quality Improvement
* Safety
* Informatics |
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Term
| A study 0f 447 IV med administrations |
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Definition
(mostly Vancomycin)
•265 errors (59%) |
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