Shared Flashcard Set

Details

N322 Pathophysiology
Patho GI system
47
Biology
Undergraduate 3
03/01/2008

Additional Biology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Function of Esophagus
Definition

transport materials from mouth to stomach

-peristalsis proceeds in downward fashion

-closed off by parasympathetic stimulation of sphincters.

--upper esophageal sphincter

-- lower esophageal sphincter (AKA cardiac spincter)

Term
Function of Stomach
Definition
Hollow muscular organ for mixing food, formation of chyme, inimal digestion and control of entry of food into the small intestines.
Term

Muscle Layers of the Stomach

Definition

Muscle:

outer longitudinal

middle circular

inner oblique

Term
Layers of stomach wall
Definition

muscosal

submucosal

muscular

serous

Term
Areas of stomach
Definition

fundus (thinnest--food storage)

body

pylorus

Term
Function of the Small Intestine
Definition

major function:

absorption

duodenum - iron, calcium, fat, sugars, H2O, proteins, vitamins, sodium

jejunum - sugar, proteins

ileum - bile salts, vitamin B12, chloride

Term
Function of large intestins
Definition

final absorption

mass movement to proel feces forward

defecation

Term
Function of the Liver
Definition
glycogen storage, decomposition of red blood cells, plasma protein synthesis, and detoxification
Term
Function of the gallbladder
Definition
stores about bile until the body needs it for digestion.
Term
Function of the pancreas (exocrine)
Definition
secreting pancreatic juice containing digestive enzymes
Term
What anatomical characteristics of the small intestine help it absorb foodstuff?
Definition

5 meters long

have villi and microvilli for absortion.

Term
Caffeine, alcohol and GI hormone effect on esophagus?
Definition
relax the lower esophageal sphincter
Term
saliva consists of...
Definition
water with some electrolytes including bicarbonate, sodium and potassium
Term
salivation controlled by the...
Definition
automatic nervous system
Term

parasympathetic stimulation ________ salivation

Definition
increases
Term
sympathetic stimulation _______ salivation
Definition
decreases (generally)
Term
Muscle construction of esophagus
Definition

upper 1/3 skeletal muscle

--innervated by voluntary motor neurons

lower 2/3 smooth muscle

--innervated by cholinergic fibers of the vagus nerve

Term
purpose of saliva
Definition

aids in swallowing (moistens food)

secretes amylase - digest CHO

supports taste

Term
parasympathetic nerve function in stomach
Definition
increase the tone in the cardiac and pyloric sphincters
Term
innervation of the stomach
Definition

intrinsic autonomic fibers

extrinsic - parasympathetic (vagus) and sympathetic

Term
Motility of stomach increased by ...
Definition

gastrin

motilin

vagal stimulation

large volumes of food

intake of isotonic fluids

Term
Gastrin is stimulated by...
Definition
vagus nerve
protein meal in stomach
distention of stomach
alcohol
catecholamines
Term
Motility of stomach decreased by ...
Definition

secretin

cholecystokinin

sympathetics

presence of diet high in solids, fats and hyper/hypo-osmotic contents

Term
gastrin
Definition

hormone from the the stomach

--stimulated by proteins

stimulates the secretion of HCl and pepsinogen

Term
motilin
Definition

from small intestine

--stimulated by acid and fats

Term
secretin
Definition
from small intestine
Term
gastrin is produced by...
Definition
G cells of the stomach antrum (pyloric region)
Term
Gastrin stimulates the secretion of...
Definition
HCl
pepsinogen
intrinsic factor
pancreatic enzyme secretions
insulin
Term
Mucus
Definition
secreted through entire stomach
-protects the stomach from acids and other gastric content
Term
Mucus barrier can be impaired by...
Definition
drugs (aspirin)
NSAIDS
glucocoticoids
alcohol
regurgitated bile
ischemia
Term
If the mucus barrier is lose _______ occurs
Definition
inflammation and ulceration
Term
Pepsin is a ____
Definition
proteolytic enzyme secreted by chief cells as pepsinogen.
Term
Pepsinogen is converted to pepsin ...
Definition
in the environment of acidic gastric juices
Term
Release of pepsin is stimulated by...
Definition
acetylcholine
vagal stimulation
gastrin
secretin
Term
Acid secretion is produced by...
Definition
parietal cells of the gastric glands (secrete HCl and intrinsic factor)
Term
______ allows pepsinogen to be converted to pepsin
Definition
acid
Term
Pepsin is inactivated by _________ enviornment
Definition
alkaline
Term
Acid stimuli
Definition
gastrin
histamine
ethanol
catecholamines
caffeine
cholinergic agents
vagal stimuli
Term
Acid is blocked by
Definition
secretin
histamine 2-blockers such as cimetidine
Term
Cephalic phase
Definition
gastrin, HCl and pepsinogen are secreted by the vagus nerve in response to seeing, smalling, tasting or chewing
Term
Gastric phase
Definition
HCl is stimulated by the release of gastrin, via the vagal nerve and enteric nerve stimulation in response to food (particularly proteins) and stomach distention.
Term
Intestinal Phase
Definition
digested proteins stimulate secretion of acid by the stomach.-- Chyme in the s.i. causes the release of secretin and cholecystokinin, which inhibits gastric secretion and motility
Term
Secretin and cholecystokinin inhibit...
Definition
gastric secretion and motility
Term
3 segments of small intestine
Definition
duodenum
jejunum
ileum
Term
pyloric sphincter controls...
Definition
entry of food/chyme from the stomach into duodenum
Term
Ileocecal valve controls
Definition
emptying from the small intestine to the cecum and prevents reflux
Term
muscles of the small intestine
Definition
outer longitudinal
inner circular
Supporting users have an ad free experience!