Term
| The only psychoanalyst who created a developmental theory with encompasses the entire life span was |
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Definition
| Erik Erikson- disciple of Freud's, created a theory with 8 stages in which each stage represents a psychosocial crisis or turning point. Final stage begins at 60. |
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Term
| Jean Piaget's theory has four stages. The correct order from stage one to stage four is |
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Definition
| Sensorimotor, preoperations, concrete operations, formal operations. |
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Definition
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Term
| Piaget's term Conservation refers to what? |
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Definition
| Conservation refers to the notion that a substance's weight, mass and volume remain the same even if it changes shape. Piaget posits that the child masters conservation and the concept of reversibility during the concrete operations stage ( 7-11). |
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Term
| Who expanded on Piaget's conceptualization of moral development? |
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Definition
| Lawerence Kohlberg- Who is perhaps the leading theorist in moral development. |
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Term
| The term identity crisis comes from the work of whom? |
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Definition
| Erickson who felt that a person (adolescents) needed to experiment with many different roles in order to figure out who they are. |
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Term
| Kohlberg's three levels of morality are |
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Definition
| Preconventional, conventional, and postconventional. |
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Term
| Preconventional as described by Kohlberg |
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Definition
| Child responds to consequences. In this stage reward and punishment greatly influence behavior. |
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Term
| Conventional as described by Kohlberg |
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Definition
| In this stage of morality, the individual wants to meet the standards of the family society and even the nation. |
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Term
| Postconventional as described by Kohlberg means |
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Definition
| Kohlberg felt that many people don't make it to this final stage. In this stage, the individual is concerned with universal, ethical principals of justice, dignity and equality of human rights. |
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Term
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Definition
| Erik Erickson's first stage of psychosocial development. |
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Term
| Erickson's final stage of development is |
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Definition
| Integrity versus despair. This stage begins at about age 60. |
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Term
| Bot h Piaget and Kohlberg believed in what kind of development? |
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Definition
| Development that was sequential, meaning that it moves from a lower to a higher stage. |
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Term
| Freud and Erickson could be classified as? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Suggests that behavior is guided exclusively via hereditary factors, but that certain behaviors will not manifest themselves until the necessary stimuli are present in the environment. Also, an individual's neural development must be at a certain level of maturity for the behavior to unfold. |
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Term
| John Bowlby's name is closely associated with what? |
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Definition
| Bonding and attachment. Bowlby believed that in order for an individual to have a normal social life, the child must bond with an adult before age three. |
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Term
| Erickson's mid-life crisis begins at what stage? |
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Definition
| Generativity versus stagnation. |
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Term
| Harry Harlow is known for his work with what? |
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Definition
| Maternal deprivation and isolation in rhesus monkeys. |
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Term
| Which of Erickson's stages focuses on sharing your life with another person? |
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Definition
| Intimacy versus isolation - ages 23-34 |
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Term
| List Freud's psychosexual stages |
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Definition
| oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital. |
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Term
| Manifest content in dreams |
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Definition
| referes to the material as presented to the dreamer. |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to the hidden meaning of the dream. To Freud, this is the more important. |
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Term
| In adolescence who commits suicide more often? Males or females? |
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Definition
| Males die by suicide more often but females attempt suicide more often. |
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Term
| In the general population what is true about suicide? |
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Definition
| It is one of the top ten causes of death and that rates of suicide tend to increase with age. |
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Term
| The fear of death is greatest at what stage of life? |
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Definition
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Term
| In Freudian Theory, attachment is a major factor |
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Definition
| Which evolves primarily during the oral age. |
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Term
| The Freudian developmental stage which least emphasizes sexuality is |
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Definition
| Latency: Sexual drive at this stage is hidden or not very prominent. |
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Term
| According to developmental psychologists when does Development begin? |
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Definition
| it is a continuous process that begins at conception ( they look at prenatal influences such as smoking or alcohol consumption. |
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Term
| Development is cephalocaudal which means what? |
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Definition
| developing from head to foot. |
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Term
| During Piaget's final stage known as formals operational, what happens? |
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Definition
| Abstract thinking emerges and problems can be solves using deduction. |
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Term
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Definition
| In this stage fantasies of sexual relations with the opposite sex parent occurs. This occurs during the phallic stage. |
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Term
| The Electra Complex refers to? |
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Definition
| The same as the oedipus complex in boys. Opposite sex fantasy for parent. |
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Term
| How did Gibson research the matter of depth perception in children? |
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Definition
| A visual cliff- indicates that depth perception is innate. |
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Term
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Definition
| Empiricism grew out of the philosophy of John Locke. Empiricists feel that developmental changes can be measured. It is behavioristic in nature. |
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Term
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Definition
| Holds that developmental strides are qualitative. |
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Term
| In Piaget's theory, reflexes play the greatest role in the |
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Definition
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Term
| The schema of permanency and constancy of objects occurs in the |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| In psychoanalytic theory the word means that an individual is unable to go from one developmental stage to the next. |
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Term
| Ethology which is associated with Konrad Lorenz refers to? |
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Definition
| Field research utilizing animals |
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Term
| Centration (Piagetian concept) |
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Definition
| occurs in the preoperational stage and is characterized by focusing on a key feature of a give object while not noticing the rest. |
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Term
| Piaget felt about teachers that: |
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Definition
| Teachers should lecture less as children in concrete operational stage learn best via their own actions and experimentation. |
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Term
| Piaget's preoperational stage includes what? |
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Definition
| the acquisition of symbolic schema. |
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Term
| The sequence of object loss, which goes from protest to despair to detachment, best describes the work of? |
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Definition
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Term
| Animistic is a concept best related to? |
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Definition
| Piaget's preoperational period, age 2-7 |
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Term
| Erickson's concepts of ego identity refers to? |
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Definition
| The ego striving to produce a unique, autonomous self and his belief that the ego is not content with the mere assimilation of parental values. |
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Term
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Definition
| The ability to do creative work or raise a family. Is the opposite of stagnation and is the productive ability to create a career, family, and leisure time. |
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Term
| Freud felt that morality developed from the |
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Definition
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Term
| Konrad Lorenz felt that aggression was what? |
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Definition
| an inborn tendency in humans. |
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Term
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Definition
| Makes imprinting possible and signifies a special time when a behavior must be learned or it won't be learned at all. |
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Term
| Imprinting is the work of: |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Balance between assimilation and accommodation. |
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Term
| Maturationists use the plant growth analogy- the mind is driven by instincts while the environmental factors provide nourishment. Therefore counselors who are maturationsits allow their clients to do what? |
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Definition
| work through early conflicts. |
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Term
| Robert Kegan speaks of a holding environment in which, |
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Definition
| The client can find meaning in the face of a crisis and can find new direction. |
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