Term
| What causes neonatal isoerythrolysis? |
|
Definition
multiparous dams
CLOSTRUM WITH MATERNAL AB ATTACK FOALS RBC AGs (inhertied from sire) |
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Term
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Definition
born normal but become lethargic, icteric, pale, increased HR/RR, weak, afebrile, ywan 2-3 days after birth]
Hemolytic anemia (icterus, hemoglobinuria) |
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Term
|
Definition
screen MATERNAL SERUM/PLASMA/COLOSTURM against FOAL OR PATERNAL RBC (combine mare colostrum with foal RBC see if lysis occurs)
COOMB'S TEST (detects Ab on RBC)
Stallion Qa+/mare Qa-: disease |
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Term
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Definition
| supportive, stop colostrum, tranfusino with washed maternal rbc, rest, fluids, low stress, ab, anti-ulcer meds |
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Term
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Definition
| muzzle foal for 24 hr after birth and feed compatable colostrum |
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Term
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Definition
| sepsis, toxic hepatic failure, EHV1, tyzzer's |
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Term
| Where is the nephrosplenic ligament? |
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Definition
| connects the LEFT kidney capsule to dorsomedial SPLEEN, can't see L kidney on u/s |
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Term
| What is the palmar digital block? |
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Definition
| blocks heel, palmar digitial nerve, dx navicular dz |
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Term
| What ist eh abaxial sesamoid block? |
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Definition
| foot block, pastern block; makes horse with acute laminits comformtable |
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Term
| What is teh low 4 point block? |
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Definition
| fetlock block, low palmar, volar; blocks fetlock and below; blocks palmar and palmar metacarpal nerves |
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Term
| What causes NSAID toxicosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are signs of NSAID toxicosis? |
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Definition
ulcerative GE: RIGHT DORSAL COLON
renal papillary necrosis
edema: protein loss through GI, kidneys |
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Term
| How do you treat NSAID toxicosis? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| dermatitis due to HYPERSENSIVITY to dying microfilaria (transmitted by Culicoides) |
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Term
| What are the lesions associated with Onchocerciasis? |
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Definition
| DIAMOND SHAPED LESIONS, "BULL'S EYE" lesion on top of head, NON ICHY/NON SEASONAL, alopecia, scaling of VENTRAL MIDLINE, face, and pecs |
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Term
| How is Onchocerciasis dx? tx? |
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Definition
history, signs, exclusion, response to tx
ivermectin tx microfilaria |
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Term
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Definition
| defect in endochondral ossification, produces a cartilaginous flap within joint |
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Term
| Common locations for OC in horses? |
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Definition
| sagittal ridge of cannon bone, DIRT, lateral trochlear ridge of femur, humeral head |
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Term
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Definition
| osteomyelitis, trauma, septic arthritis |
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Term
| What is Oxytetracycline used to treat in the horse? |
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Definition
| PHF, equine graulocytic ehrlichiosis |
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Term
| ____ is the equine pin-worm taht infests the perineal region and causes irritation after egg laying. |
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Definition
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Term
| ___ is the foal roundworm? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Are signs of parascaris equorum in foals? |
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Definition
| verminous pneumonia, intestinal impaction |
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Term
| How do you treat parascaris in the foal? |
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Definition
| slow kill dewormer FBZ so you don't cause an impaction |
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Term
| What is the pastern joint? |
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Definition
| Proximal interphalangeal joint PIP, connects P1 and P2 |
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Term
| What is the etiology behind patent urachus? |
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Definition
| EXCESSIVE HANDLING, URACHUS CONNECTS FETAL BLADDER TO ALLANTOIC SAC by way of the umbilicus |
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Term
| What are signs of patent urachus? |
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Definition
| urine leaking from umbilicus, scald on ventrum, swollen umbilicus |
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Term
| an autoimmune disease in which AB form against INTERCELLULAR ADHESIN PROTEINS. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the forms of pemphigus foliaceus? |
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Definition
| juvenile: spontaneous remission, good prognosis; adult: worse prognosis |
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Term
| What are signs of pemphigus foliaceus in horses? |
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Definition
| generalized crusting around mucocutaneous junctions, head, limbs, and ventrum |
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Term
| How is pemphigus foliaceus dx and tx? |
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Definition
biopsy: acantholytic cells
tx: immunosuppressive steriods |
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Term
| What is a peroneus tertius rupture? |
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Definition
| distrupts teh STAY APPARTUS, able to extend hock and FLEX stifle simultaneously; distal limb hangs as limb advances |
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Term
| What is the treatment for peroneus tertius rupture? |
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Definition
| rest and NSAIDs...good prognosis |
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Term
| What is pharyngeal lymphoid hyperplasia (PLP)? |
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Definition
| common, normal immunological event in younger horses |
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Term
| What happens if bute is given other than IV or IM? |
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Definition
atery: SEIZURES/DEATH
peri-vascular: skin slough, swell, necrosis |
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Term
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Definition
| SWELLING AROUND GROWTH PLATES of yougn horses |
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Term
| What are causes of physitis? |
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Definition
| abnormal hoof growth, growth plate compression, conformational defects, malnutrition |
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Term
| What is the most common cause of pleuropneumonia in horses? |
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Definition
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Term
| How is pleuropneumonia diagnosed in horses? |
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Definition
| auscultation (ABSENT VENTRAL, RADIATING DORSAL), US, centesis |
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Term
| What is polysaccharide storage myopathy PSSM? |
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Definition
heritable in QH, Paints, Appaloosas
point mutation of GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE ENZYME-->ACCUMULATE POLYSACC IN MM-->ALTERED GLUCOSE METABOLISM |
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Term
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Definition
| rhabdomyolysis, sweating, fasiculations after 20 min exercise after resting |
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Term
|
Definition
| regular exercise, no stalling, low glycemic index diet |
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Term
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Definition
| muscle biopsy: abnormal polysaccharide, genetic test: hair |
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Term
| What causes PHF and when/were is it found? |
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Definition
| NEORICKETTSIA RISTICII, snail/dragon flies IH in NE along RIVER VALLEYS, JULY/AUG, "EQUINE MONOCYTIC EHRLICHIOSIS" obligate intracellular surviving in MACROPHAGES |
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Term
| What are clinical signs of PHF? |
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Definition
| fever, anorexia, lethargy, DIARRHEA, laminitis |
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Term
|
Definition
| paired serum titer via IFA, PCR of blood or feces |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What criteria are used to call a foal premature? |
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Definition
| <320 days gestation, laxity of flexor tendons, short and silky coat, floppy ears, soft muzzle |
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Term
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Definition
| benighn formation of EXUBERANT GRANULATION TISSUE which inhibits epithelialization |
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Term
| What is the treatment for proud flesh? |
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Definition
| excision, skin grafts, irradation? |
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Term
| What is the treatment for proud flesh? |
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Definition
| excision, skin grafts, irradation? |
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Term
| What is purpura hemorraghica? |
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Definition
| Ag-AB complex (IgA + M protein) caused by: a hx of strangles, vx with strep equi bacterin, equine influenza, or chronic suppurative wounds |
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Term
| What are signs of purpura? |
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Definition
| ASPECTIV VASCULTIIS, petichae, pitting edema, sore/relucant to move, stridor/dyspnea, colic |
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Term
|
Definition
hx of strangles 1-3 wks ago
SKIN BIOPSY: LEUKOCLASTIC VASCULITIS
Clin path: anemeia, increase protein, HPP, neutrophils |
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Term
| What is the treatment of purpura? |
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Definition
| AB depend on severity of signs: can delay maturation of abscess, do NOT give after rupture; AB IF dyspnea, long standing pyrexia, dysphagia (DOUBLE DOSE PEN, NSAIDS, LASIX, DEX) |
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Term
| Pyelonephritis is most common in what sex/age group of horses? Why? |
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Definition
| MARES b/c SHORT URETHRA, predisposing them to ascending UTI |
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Term
| What are predisposing causes for pyelonephritis in the horse? |
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Definition
| parturition, atonic bladder, ectopic ureters |
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Term
| What does the reciprocal apparatus do for the horse? |
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Definition
| FLEXION in the stifle and FLEXION in fetlock |
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Term
| What are the major components of the reciprocal apparatus? |
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Definition
| PERONEUS TERTIUS M (cranial aspect of crus) and SDF (caudal aspect) |
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Term
| What are the major components of the reciprocal apparatus? |
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Definition
| PERONEUS TERTIUS M (cranial aspect of crus) and SDF (caudal aspect) |
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Term
| What is recurrent equine rhabdomyolysis RER? Signs? |
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Definition
| "Monday morning dz"; muscle cramping in hind limbs, pain, sweating, increased HR/RR, myoglobinuria |
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Term
| What are risk factors for RER? |
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Definition
| racing TB, 2-3 yo filly, nervous temperment, high carb diet |
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Term
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Definition
| CAFFEIENE OR HALOTHANE CONTRACTURE TEST |
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Term
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Definition
| fluids, mm relaxants (DANTROLENE), sedation, decrease stress/CHO |
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Term
| What are causes of ARF in horses? |
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Definition
| Aminoglycosides, Cestrum diurnum (Vit D toxicosis), Lepto |
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Term
| What are signs of CRF in horses? |
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Definition
| WEIGHT LOSS!, EDEMA (PLN) |
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Term
| How do you treat renal failure? |
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Definition
| FLUIDS, Dopamine (increased renal perfusion), diuretics, AB |
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Term
| What is Rhodococcus equi? |
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Definition
| faculatative intracellular bacteria, GRAM + PLEOMORPHIC RODS IN 2-6m FOALS |
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Term
| What is the pathway for Rhodococcus equi infection? |
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Definition
| inhalation-->macrophages-->replication, PYOGRANULOMATOUS, bronchointerstital abscesses, extrapulmonary (gut, joint, brain) |
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Term
| What are signs of Rhodococcus? |
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Definition
| fever, cough, wheeze, nasal d/c |
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Term
| What is the tx for Rhodococcus? |
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Definition
| 8-10 WK OF ERYTHROMYCIN + RIFAMPIN |
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Term
| The horse has ___# of ribs. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| arthritis/periosteitis aroudn metcarpal/metatarsal phalangeal joint leading to EXOSTOSES |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
| What are causes of ringbone? |
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Definition
| faulty conformation, improper shoeing, exercise on hrd surfaces, trauma, infection |
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Term
| ___ is the most important cause of COLITIS in the horse. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the "four syndromes" associated with Salmonella? |
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Definition
| asymptomatic carrier, mild infections, severe acute diarrhea with endotoxemia, bacteremia |
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Term
| What are signs of Salmonella? |
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Definition
| lethargy, anorexia, explosive water diarrhea, neutropenia |
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Term
|
Definition
| serial cultures of feces for 3-5 days |
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Term
| non-metastatic tumor that is the most common tumor of horses |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Sarcoids are believed to be caused by? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is Shaker foal syndrome? |
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Definition
| Clostridium botulinum, 2w-6m old |
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Term
| What is the pathogenesis of Shake foal syndrome? |
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Definition
| botulism: no Ach at NMJ=flaccid paralysis |
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Term
| What is side bone and what causes it? |
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Definition
| OSSIFICATION OF P3 CARTILAGES, heavy working horses |
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Term
| What are the sinuses of the horse? |
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Definition
| 6 pairs: Conchal (dorsal, ventral, middle), maxillary (rostral, caudal), frontal, sphenopalatine |
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Term
| The ______ sinus communicates with the MIDDLE MEATUS VIA NASOMAXIALLARY OPENING. Molars 1,2,3. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What are signs of sinusitis? |
|
Definition
| UNILATERAL NASAL D/C, epiphora, quidding, halitosis |
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Term
| What is the most common cause of maxillary sinusitis? |
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Definition
| TOOTH ROOT ABSCESS M1,2,3 |
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Term
| What are causes of primary sinusitis? |
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Definition
| empyema, due to viral or bacterial URT |
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Term
| What are causes of secondary sinusitis? |
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Definition
| M1 dental dz, SCC, fungal |
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Term
|
Definition
endosocpe, dnetal pick, and rads
culture purulent d/c |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Inflammation of intraosseus ligament between MC III with small metacarpal bones, periosteitis. aka ___. |
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Definition
splints
"intraosseus desmitis" |
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Term
| What are causes of splints and tx? |
|
Definition
repetitive concussion, poor conformation, improper shoeing
rest and NSAIDs |
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Term
| What causes Strangles and what are teh signs? |
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Definition
Strep equi equi, <5yo
purulent, snot-nosed, fever, enlarged submandibular, retropharyngeal LN |
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Term
| How is strangles diagnosed? |
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Definition
| BACTERIAL CULTURE of nasopharynx or gutural pouch: GP cocci with large capsules |
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Term
| How is strangles treated? |
|
Definition
abscesses: drain, warm compress, flush, NSAID
AB (Pen): controversial...use if dyspnea, dysphagia, long standing fever, lethargy/anorexia |
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Term
| How is strangles controlled? |
|
Definition
target mucosal immunity: IM, IN
QUARANTINE newbies 1 m
ISOLATE affected
CLEAN fomites
ID/isolate carriers |
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Term
| What are sequellae for strangles? |
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Definition
| chondrosids, purpura, bastard strangles (intestinal LN enlarged) |
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