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| 1. Although the pituitary gland is called the master control gland in the endocrine system, it is under the control of the _____. |
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Definition
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| 2. What is another name of the anterior pituitary? |
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Definition
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| 3. This hormone released by the anterior pituitary governs the synthesis of cortisol in the adrenal cortex. |
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Definition
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| 4. ACTH release is stimulated by _____. |
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Definition
| CRH (CORTICOTROPHIN RELEASING HORMONE) |
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| 5. Increased ACTH is seen in this condition. |
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Definition
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| 6. This hormone released by the anterior pituitary stimulates the follicles in the ovaries to produce estrogen, and the sertoli cells for spermatogenesis. |
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Definition
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| 7. FSH release is stimulated by _____. |
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Definition
| GNRH (GONADOTROPHIN RELEASING HORMONE) |
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| 8. This hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary stimulates bone and tissue growth seen through somatomedins A-C. |
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Definition
| GROWTH HORMONE (SOMATOTROPHIN) |
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| 9. The release of GH is governed by _____. |
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Definition
| GROWTH HORMONE RELEASING HORMONE (GHRH) |
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| 10. Increased GH release results in either _____ or _____. |
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Definition
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| 11. Decreased GH release results in _____. |
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Definition
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| 12. _____ is a hormone released by the anterior pituitary that stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroxin. |
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Definition
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| 13. The release of TSH is stimulated by _____. |
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Definition
| THYROTROPHIN RELEASING HORMONE |
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| 14. Increased thyroxin results in _____. |
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Definition
| HYPERTHYROIDISM (THYROTOXICOSIS) |
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| 15. Decreased thyroxin results in _____. |
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Definition
| HYPOTHYROIDISM (MYXEDEMA) |
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| 16. This hormone released by the anterior pituitary promotes breast development and milk production. |
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Definition
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| 17. The release of prolactin is affected by both _____ and _____. |
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Definition
| PROLACTIN INHIBITING FACTOR, TRH |
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| 18. What is another name of the posterior pituitary? |
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Definition
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| 19. This hormone stored in the posterior pituitary is secreted by the paraventricular nucleus in the hypothalamus. |
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Definition
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| 20. Oxytoxin does these 2 things to the female body. |
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Definition
| 1) STIMULATES CONTRACTION OF THE UTERINE MUSCLE, 2) STIMULATES MILK EJECTION |
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| 21. Oxytoxin is a strong hormone that plays a role in _____. |
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Definition
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| 22. _____ hormone is secreted by the supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus. |
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Definition
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| 23. ADH is released in response to _____, and acts on the _____ of the kidneys. |
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Definition
| WATER DEPRIVATION; COLLECTING DUCTS |
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| 24. Decreased ADH leads to _____, which is characterized by polyuria and polydipsia. |
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Definition
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| 25. _____ lies between the anterior and posterior pituitary lobes. |
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Definition
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| 26. The pars intermedia secretes _____, which stimulates the production of melanin by the melanocytes in the skin. |
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Definition
| MELANOCYTE STIMULATING HORMONE |
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| 27. Mealocyte stimulating hormone is produced from _____, from which both MSH and ACTH are formed. |
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Definition
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| 28. In the thyroid gland under the stimulation of TSH, _____ combines with _____ and binds to the thyroglobulin molecule within the follicles to form mon-iodo-tyrosine (MIT). |
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Definition
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| 29. 2 molecules of MIT are coupled to form _____. |
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Definition
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| 30. 2 DIT’s combine to form _____. |
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Definition
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| 31. 1 DIT coupled with 2 DIT’s form _____. |
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Definition
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| 32. What is the active hormone T3 or T4? |
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Definition
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| 33. T4 is converted to _____ in the periphery, which increases metabolism. |
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| 34. What is another name of hyperthyroidism? |
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Definition
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| 35. Graves disease results in these 3 conditions. |
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Definition
| 1) EXOPHTHALMOS, 2) WEIGHT LOSS, 3) TREMORS |
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| 36. Hypothyroidism results in _____ in children and _____ in adults. |
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Definition
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| 37. Hypothyroidism causes these 3 conditions. |
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Definition
| 1) WEIGHT GAIN, 2) COARSE HAIR, 3) DECREASED METABOLISM |
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| 38. The parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland secrete _____. |
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Definition
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| 39. What is the function of calcitonin? |
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Definition
| TAKES CALCIUM FROM THE BLOOD AND PUTS IT BACK INTO BONE |
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| 40. These 2 hormones play a role in calcium metabolism. |
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Definition
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| 41. Parathyroid hormone is secreted by the _____ cells of the parathyroid glands. |
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Definition
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| 42. _____ takes calcium from the bone and puts it into the blood. |
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| 43. Parathyroid hormone increases _____ in the kidney by acting on the cells in the distal convoluted tubules. |
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Definition
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| 44. _____ is caused by hypoparathyroidism. |
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Definition
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| 45. Hypocalcemia due to hypoparathyroidism excites the nervous system and results in _____ and _____. |
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Definition
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| 46. _____ is due to hyperparathyroidism and results in _____. |
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Definition
| HYPERCALCEMIA; MUSCLE FATIGUE |
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| 47. _____ is a mineralcorticoid released by the zona-glomerulosa that acts on the kidney to regulate sodium resportion in the distal convoluted tubule. |
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Definition
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| 48. Alsoterone release causes _____ and a _____. |
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Definition
| WATER RETENTION; INCREASE IN BLOOD PRESSURE |
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| 49. Excess aldosterone is senn in primary hyperalosteronism which is called _____. |
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Definition
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| 50. Conn’s syndrome results in these 3 conditions. |
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Definition
| 1) HIGH SODIUM, 2) HYPERTENSION, 3) LOW POTASSIUM |
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| 51. _____ is the main glucocorticoid secreted by the zona-fasciculata of the adrenal gland. |
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Definition
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| 52. 6 functions of cortisol. |
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Definition
| 1) INCREASES LIPOGENESIS, 2) INCREASES GLYCOGENESIS, 3) INCREASES GLUCONEOGENESIS, 4) MAINTAINS BP, 5) DECREASED BONE FORMATION, 6) SUPPRESSES INFLAMMATION |
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| 53. These 3 hormones are derived from anfrosteinone secreted by the zona reticularis. |
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Definition
| 1) ESTROGEN, 2) PROGESTERONE, 3) TESTOSTERONE |
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| 54. Destruction of the adrenal cortex results in _____ which affects all 3 layers of the cortex. |
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Definition
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| 55. Addison’s disease causes these 3 conditions. |
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Definition
| 1) WEIGHT LOSS, 3) LOW BP, 3) BRONZING OF THE SKIN |
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| 56. All of the adrenal cortex hormones are produced from _____. |
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Definition
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| 57. The adrenal medulla secretes a lot of _____, but also secretes _____. |
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Definition
| EPINEPHRINE; NOR-EPINEPHRINE |
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| 58. The adrenal medulla behaves like a _____ as it is supplied by preganglionic fibers. |
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Definition
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| 59. Nor-epinephrine is produced from _____, which is derived from _____. |
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| 60. Epinephrine is produced from _____. |
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Definition
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| 61. Epinephrine and nor-epinephrine are transmitters in the _____ nervous system. |
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Definition
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| 62. 9 functions of epinephrine and norepinephrine in the sympathetic nervous system. |
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Definition
| 1) INCREASE HEART RATE, 2) DILATE BLOOD VESSELS, 3) DILATE ARTERIES TO SKELETAL MUSCLE, 4) DILATE THE BRONCHI AND PUPIL, 5) DECREASE GUT MOTILITY, 6) CONSTRICT BLADDER AND BOWEL SPHINCTERS, 7) CONTRACT ERECTOR PILLI MUSCLES IN THE SKIN, 8) DECREASE SALIVARY SECRETION, 9) INCREASE SWEAT PRODUCTION |
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| 63. Increased secretion of nor-epinephrine is seen in this adrenal medulla tumor. |
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Definition
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| 64. Pheochromocytoma results in these 4 p’s. |
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Definition
| 1) PERSPIRATION, 2) HEART PALPITATIONS, 3) PAROXYSMS OF HYPERTENSION, 4) PRESSURE HEADACHES |
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| 65. The endocrine cells in the pancreas are found in the _____. |
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Definition
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| 66. Insulin is secreted by _____ type of islet cells. |
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Definition
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| 67. This hormone moves glucose from in the blood to inside the cells. |
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Definition
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| 68. This transporter carries glucose to the erythrocytes and the brain. |
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Definition
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| 69. This transporter carries glucose to the liver and beta islet cells. |
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Definition
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| 70. This transporter carries glucose the neurons. |
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Definition
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| 71. This transporter carries skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. |
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Definition
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| 72. Insulin promotes the synthesis of _____, _____ and _____ as cell as cellular uptake of _____. |
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Definition
| FAT, GLYCOGEN AND PROTEIN; POTASSIUM |
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Term
| 73. The release of insulin inhibits these 3 processes. |
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Definition
| 1) GLUCONEOGENESIS, 2) LIPOLYSIS, 3) PROTEIN DEGRADATION |
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Term
| 74. Insulin secretion is also stimulated by the amino acids _____ and _____. |
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Definition
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| 75. Excess insulin is seen in insulin secreting tumors such as _____, which produces low blood sugar. |
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Definition
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| 76. Decrease insulin secretion or function results in _____. |
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Definition
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| 77. 4 signs and symptoms of diabetes mellitus. |
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Definition
| 1) POLYURIA, 2) POLYDYPSIA, 3) POLYPHAGIA, 4) PRURITIS |
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Term
| 78. _____ is secreted by the alpha cells of the pancreas. |
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Definition
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| 79. _____ causes the liver to convert glycogen to glucose (promotes glycogenolysis). |
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Definition
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Term
| 80. This hormone is secreted when blood glucose levels are low. |
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Definition
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Term
| 81. This hormone is secreted by delta cells of the pancreas. |
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Definition
| SOMATOSTATIN (GROWTH HORMONE) |
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Term
| 82. Somatostatin is also secreted by D cells in the _____ and by the _____. |
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Definition
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| 83. Growth hormone (somatostatin) inhibits these 5 things. |
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Definition
| 1) RENIN, 2) INSULIN, 3) GROWTH HORMONE, 4) GASTIN, 5) GLUCAGON |
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