Term
|
Definition
| complete, no sensory or motor function is preserved in the sacral segments S4 through S5 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| incomplete, sensory but no motor function is preserved below neurological level and extends through the sacral segments |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| incomplete, motor function is preserved below neurological level,a nd the majority of key muscle groups below the neurological level have a muscle grade less than 3/5 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| incomplete, motor function is preserved below the neurological level, and the majority of key muscle groups below the level have a muscle grade greater than or equal to 3/5 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| normal, sensory and motor function are normal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| resulting from hyperextension injuries and presenting as more UE deficits vs. LE |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hemi-section of the cord resulting ipsilateral spastic paralysis and loss of position sense and contralateral loss of pain and thermal sense |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
caused by flexion injuries
motor function, pain, and temperature sensation are lost bilaterally below the lesion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| injury of sacral cord and lumbar nerve roots resutling in LE motor and sensory loss and a reflexic bowel and bladder |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| injury at the L1 level and below resulting in a lower motor neuron lesion; flaccid paralysis with no spinal reflex activity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an abnormal response to a noxious stimulus (catheter blockage, sitting on a sharp object) that results in extreme rise in blood pressure, pounding headache, and profuse sweating. This complication is deemed a medical emergency if not reversed. |
|
|
Term
| Neurogenic bowel (etiology) |
|
Definition
sympathetic nerve impairment, generally occurring in persons who have spinal cord injury above the T6 level
1. loss of control of anal sphincter
2. sensory loss resulting in a lack of awareness of feces in bowel
3. motor loss, decreased or lost ability to self-initiate or control a bowel movement
flaccidity of muscles results in incontinence
autonomic dysreflexia (an extreme rise in blood pressure) can result |
|
|
Term
| management of autonomic dysreflexia |
|
Definition
identify the offending stimulus and relieve underlying issue immediately
medications, if no impact can be made
1. immediate emergent
2. chronic |
|
|
Term
| prevention of autonomic dysreflexia |
|
Definition
teach person/caregiver frequent pressure relief principles
ensure compliance with intermittent catheterization
practice well-balanced diet habits
ensure medication compliance
educate person with condition and caregivers or family members
- recognition of cause, signs, and symptoms (sweating, headache)
- first aid procedures to deal effectively with the occurrence
- prevention methods for this condition |
|
|
Term
| Decubitus ulcers (etiology, risk factors) |
|
Definition
etiology:
pressure that interrupts normal circulation causing localized areas of cellular necrosis
risk:
greatest risk is over bony prominences
** intensity and duration of pressure determines the severity of the decubiti |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Stage I: redness, edema, superficial epidermis and dermis involved
(partial thickness ulcer)
Stage II: redness, edema, blistering and hardening (induration) of tissue, skin is open and inflammation extends to the fat layer with superficial necrosis in advanced stage II lesions
(partial thickness ulcer)
Stage III: full thickness skin lesion extending down to the muscle, the ulcer margin is thickened
Stage IV: ulcer extends down to the bone and includes bone destruction |
|
|
Term
| Decubitis ulcers prevention |
|
Definition
1. use wheelchair cushions, flotation pads, and pressure-relief bed aids to distribute pressure over a larger skin surface
2. train individual and/or caregivers in positioning and weight-shifting techniques and schedules and in proper skin care
3. train in proper skin care
- keep skin free of excessive moisture, dryness, and heat
- skin checks at least x2 per day
4. encourage adequate intake of fluids and food to maintain nutrition, promote healing and achieve a recommended body weight |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
can straighten arms but may have dexterity problems with hands and fingers
C7: triceps
C8: hand dexterity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
control of hands, but poor trunk control
lack of abdominal muscle control
T2 through T6: chest muscles
T7 through T11: abdominal muscles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
good trunk control
good abdominal muscle control
sitting balance very good
T7 through T11: abdominal muscles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
loss of many involuntary function (ie: breathing)
some head and neck control
breathing aids such as mechanical ventilators or diaphragmatic pacemakers can be necessary |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
breathing aids such as mechanical ventilators or diaphragmatic pacemakers can be necessary
C3: diaphragm
C4: deltoids, biceps |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
shoulder and bicep control
no control at wrist or hand |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
wrist control
no hand function
wrist extenders |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) and longus (EXRL) are innervated by what 3 cervical levels? |
|
Definition
| cervical levels 5, 6, and 7 |
|
|
Term
| Flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) and profundus (FDP) are innervated by what 2 cervical levels? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) and longus (EXRL) contribute to what wrist action? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Elbow extension requires innervation of what 2 cervical levels? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Finger extension requires innervation of what 2 cervical levels? |
|
Definition
|
|
