Term
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Definition
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1. pericardium: fibrous protective sac enclosing heart (external)
2. epicardium: inner layer of pericardium
3. myocardium: heart muscle, major portion of heart
4. endocardium: smooth lining of the inner surface and cavities of heart |
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Term
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Definition
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1. right atrium (RA)
2. right ventricle (RV)
3. left atrium (LA)
4. left ventricle (LV) |
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Term
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Definition
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receives blood from systemic circulation (from superior and inferior cavae); during systole (contraction) blood is sent to right ventricle |
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Term
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Definition
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pumps blood via the pulmonary artery to the lungs for oxygenation
the low pressure pulmonary pump |
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Term
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Definition
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receives oxygenated blood from the lungs (from pulmonary veins); during systole, blood is sent to left ventricle |
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Term
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Definition
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pumps blood via the aorta throughout the entire systemic circulation
walls of left are thicker and stronger than right ventricle
high pressure systemic pump |
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Term
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Definition
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systemic circulation to RA
from RA to RV
from RV to lungs for oxygenation
LA receives oxygenated blood from lungs
from LA to LV
LV pumps blood to body via aorta |
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Term
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Definition
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main pacemaker of heart
initiates sinus rhythm
has sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation affecting both heart rate and strength of contraction |
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Term
| Atrioventricular (AV) node |
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Definition
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has sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation
merges with bundle of His |
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Term
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Definition
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1. impulse orginates in SA node
2. spreads throughout both atria which contract together
3. impulse stimulates AV node
4. transmitted down bundle of His to Purkinje fibers
5. impulse spreads throughotu ventricles which contract together |
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Term
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Definition
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transport oxygenated blood from areas of high pressure to lower pressures in body tissues |
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Term
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Definition
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minute blood vessels that connect ends of arteries (arterioles) with beginning of veins (venules)
forms an anastomosing network |
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Term
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Definition
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transport dark, unoxygenated blood from tissues back to heart |
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Term
| cardiac output (definition and how to increase) |
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Definition
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definition: amount of blood ejected from heart per minutes; dependent upon heart rate and stroke volume |
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Term
| Signs associated with right-sided heart failure |
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Definition
nausea increase in RAP, CVP
anorexia jugular venous distention
weight gain +hepatojugular reflex
ascites right ventricle heave
right upper quadrant pain murmur of tricuspid insufficiency, hepatomegaly, peripheral edema |
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Term
| Signs associated with left-sided heart failure |
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Definition
fatigue tachycardia
cough S3 gallop
shortness of breath crackles
DOE increased PAP, PAWP, SVR
Orthopnea Laterally displaced PMI
PND left ventricular heave
Diaphoresis pulse alternans, confusion, decreased urine output, Cheyne-stokes respirations (advanced failure), murmur of mitral insufficiency |
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Term
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Definition
no limits on activity
no complaints
max MET 6.5 |
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Term
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Definition
slight activity limit
comfort at rest
orindary activity results in fatigue, pain, dyspnea, palpitations
max MET 4.5 |
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Term
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Definition
marked activity limitation
comfort at rest
less than ordinary activity results in fatigue, palpitations, dyspnea, angina pain
max MET 3.0 |
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Term
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Definition
inability to carry out physical activity without discomfort
symptoms of cardiac insufficiency present at rest
increased discomfort with any activity
max MET 1.5 |
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Term
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Definition
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under fluoroscopy, surgical dilation of a blood vessel using a small balloon-tipped catheter inflated inside the lumen |
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Term
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Definition
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an endoprosthesis (pliable wire mesh) implanted postangioplasty to prevent restenosis and occlusion in coronary or peripheral arteries |
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Term
| revascularization surgery |
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Definition
| surgical circumvention of an obstruction in a coronary artery using an anastomosing graft (saphenous vein, internal mammary graft) |
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Term
| hetertropic heart transplant |
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Definition
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involves leaving natural heart and piggy-backing donor heart |
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Term
| orthotopic heart transplant |
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Definition
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removing the disease heart and replacing it with a donor heart |
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Term
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Definition
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removing both organs and replacing with donor organs |
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Term
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Definition
abnormal vasoconstriction reflex exacerbated by exposure to cold or emotional stress
affects largely females |
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Term
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Definition
thromboangitis obliterans
chronic inflammatory vascular occlusive disease
most common in young males who smoke
begins distally, progresses proximally in both LE and UE
symptoms: pain, paresthesias, cold extremities, diminished temperature sensation, fatigue, risk of ulceration and gangrene |
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Term
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Definition
abnormal sound or murmur
associated with athersclerosis |
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