Shared Flashcard Set

Details

OB Module 1: First Trimester
Sections A, B (*_*)
110
Medical
Undergraduate 2
11/20/2011

Additional Medical Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What is Gravidity?
Definition

Refers to the number of times a woman has been pregnant

(includes current pregnancy)

Term
What is Parity?
Definition
Refers to the number of live births a woman has had.
Term
What is EDD?
Definition

Expected date of delivery

(EDC, Expected date of confinement also refers to delivery date)

 

Term
What is an abortion in the first trimester refered to as?
Definition
miscarriage
Term
What is a spontaneous abortion?
Definition
pregnany loss caused by natural or unanticipated events.
Term
What is recurrent spontaneous abortion?
Definition

Two consecutive or three total spontaneous abortions

(aka habitual abortion)

Term
Most pregnancy failures occur during which week of gestation?
Definition
week eight
Term
What is elective abortion?
Definition
intentional termination of pregnancy
Term
What is Gestational age based on?
Definition
first day of last menstrual cycle(LMP)
Term
What is embryologic age based on?
Definition

time of conception

(GA-2 weeks)

Term
What do serum (blood) pregnancy tests check for?
Definition
amount of beta subunits of the hormone hCG
Term
What types of cells produce hCG?
Definition
trophoblastic cells
Term
Are serum pregnancy tests qualitative on quantitative?
Definition
quantitative
Term
What are the two quantitative lab tests developed to detect hCG in maternal blood?
Definition

1. Second International Standard

2. International Reference Preparation

Term

Which serum test has a higher value;

2nd IS or IRP?

Definition

IRP

(twice the value of 2nd IS)

Term
What is a discriminatory zone?
Definition

the threshold amount of hCG present at which there should be sonographic evidence of a gestational sac.

 

Term
What is the discriminatory zone for 2nd IS with endovaginal imaging?
Definition
500-1200 miu/ml
Term
What is the discriminatory zone for IRP with endovaginal imaging?
Definition
1000-2000 miu/ml
Term
What are hCG elevational rates during the first 6 weeks of normal pregnancy?
Definition
HCG levels double approximately every 48 hours.
Term
What effect does ectopic pregnancy have on hCG?
Definition
will cause hCG levels to plateau or rise at a subnormal rate
Term
What effect does abortion have on hCG levels?
Definition
will cause hCG levels to fall to 0
Term
What effect does gestational trophoblastic neoplasia have on hCG levels?
Definition
will cause excessively high levels of hCG
Term
Are urine pregnancy tests considered qualitative on quantitative?
Definition
qualitative
Term
What is Naegele's rule?
Definition
EDD = LMP - 3 Months + 7 Days
Term
What stimulates ovarian follicular development?
Definition
FSH
Term
What stimulates endometrial repair?
Definition
Estrogen
Term
What is the endometrial thickness during early proliferative phase?
Definition
4mm-8mm
Term
What is the thickness of an endometrium during the late proliferative phase?
Definition
triple layer 6mm-10mm
Term
During normal 1st trimester, weeks 1 and 2 are considered what phase?
Definition
proliferative phase
Term
Weeks 3 and 4 are considered what during normal first trimester?
Definition
conceptus period
Term
Ovulation usually occurs on which day LMP?
Definition
day 14
Term
what stimulates ovulation?
Definition
LH surge
Term
After ovulation, what does the ruptured follicle turn into?
Definition
corpus luteum
Term
What hormone is responsible for preparing and maintaining a secretory endometrium?
Definition
progesterone
Term
What are secretions from endometrial glands rich in?
Definition
glycogen
Term
What nourishes the embryo for the first 11 weeks?
Definition
endometrium
Term
What nourishes the embryo after 12 weeks?
Definition
placenta
Term
What is the relative thickness of a secretory endometrium?
Definition
7mm-14mm
Term
The endometrium of pregnancy is referred to as what?
Definition
decidua
Term
when does fertilization take place?
Definition
12-24 hours after ovulation
Term
where is the most common site for fertilization to occur?
Definition
in the ampulla of the fallopian tube
Term
what is a zygote?
Definition
fecundated ovum
Term
what does the zona pellucida prevent?
Definition
more than one sperm from entering the conceptus
Term
what is a morula?
Definition
a solid ball of about 18 cells
Term
when does the morula enter the uterus?
Definition
approximately day 17 (GA)
Term
A fluid filled cyst with a clump of cells at one end
Definition
blastocyst
Term
Approximately how long does the blastocyst float in the uterine cavity before it implants?
Definition
2 days
Term
What does the inner cell mass of the blastocyst become?
Definition
the embryo, yolk sac, and amnion
Term
the bilaminar disk is what?
Definition
the embryo
Term
the outer cells of the blastocyst become what?
Definition
chorion and placenta
Term
Implantation occurs during which days LMP?
Definition
between 20-23 days LMP or 6-7 days post fertilization.
Term
What does the blastocyst shed before it begins implantation?
Definition
zona pellucida
Term
The trophoblastic cells of blastocyst burrow into what?
Definition
decidualized endometrium
Term
Trophoblastic cells produce what hormone?
Definition
hCG
Term
the outer membrane surrounding the gestational sac
Definition
chorion
Term
what attaches to the endometrium and becomes the fetal side of the placenta?
Definition

chorion frondosum

(early chorionic villi)

Term
which portion of the chorion is not involved in implantation?
Definition
chorion laeve
Term
what is the maternal component of the placental attachment?
Definition
decidua basalis
Term
what is the layer of endometrium that heals over the implanted gestational sac?
Definition
decidua capsularis
Term
endometrium that is not in direct contact with the gestational sac is called what?
Definition

decidua vera

(parietalis)

Term
which two decidua layers create an echogenic rim known as the double decidual sign (DDS)?
Definition
capsularis and vera
Term
Development of amnion, yolk sac, and primitive chorionic villi occur around what days LMP?
Definition
23-28 days LMP
Term
Where does the amnion form?
Definition
between the bilaminar disk and chorion
Term
what size amnion might be seen around 5.5 weeks gestation?
Definition
tiny amnion 2mm
Term
what sign is called when the tiny amnion is seen adjacent to the yolk sac.
Definition
double-bleb sign
Term
around 8 weeks gestation will amnionic membrane be in contact with the chorion?
Definition
no
Term
by 14-16 weeks the amniotic membrane fuses with what?
Definition
chorion
Term
when does the primary yolk sac form?
Definition
around day 23 LMP
Term
when does the secondary yolk sac form?
Definition
around days 27-28 LMP
Term
what is the first structure that should be visable in the gestational sac?
Definition
secondary yolk sac
Term
what are 4 functions of the yolk sac?
Definition

1. Transfer nutrients

2. Hematopoiesis

3. Angiogenesis

4. Formation of digestive tract

Term
what duct connects the embryonic midgut to the yolk sac?
Definition
vitelline duct
Term
which portion of the yolk sac is incorporated into embryo as primitive gut?
Definition
dorsal part
Term
which portion of the yolk sac is incorporated into the umbilical cord?
Definition
allantosis
Term
what should a yolk sac measure?
Definition
less than 6 mm
Term
is an echogenic yolk sac normal?
Definition
no
Term
the functional unit of the placenta
Definition
chorionic villi
Term
the process of converting the bilaminar embryonic disk into a trilaminar disk
Definition
gastrulation
Term
when does gastrulation begin and end?
Definition

begins during implantation

complete by the beginning of week 5

Term
what three layers make up the trilaminar disk?
Definition
endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm
Term
when does the primitive cardiovascular system begin to form?
Definition
immediately after gastrulation is complete
Term
When does the heart begin to beat?
Definition
36-37 days gestation
Term
what is considered a normal heart rate for fetus
Definition
120-160 BPM
Term
what is neurulation?
Definition
formation of the neural tube
Term
what must close to form neural tube?
Definition
neural groove
Term
when should the neural tube be completely closed?
Definition
by week 7
Term
embryonic period are what weeks?
Definition
weeks 6-10
Term
substances that can disrupt normal fetal development
Definition
teratogens
Term
when do limb buds form?
Definition
during week 6
Term
Describe midgut herniation
Definition
intestines herniate into base of umbilical cord.
Term
what time frame does midgut herniation take place?
Definition
intestines herniate around week 8 and return to abdominal cavity around week 12
Term
when should organogenesis be complete?
Definition
by week 10
Term
which weeks are the conceived considered fetal pole?
Definition
up to 6 weeks
Term
which weeks are the conceived considered embryo?
Definition
from 6 weeks through 10 weeks
Term
which weeks are the conceived considered fetus?
Definition
from week 11 to birth
Term
in early gestation how much does a gestational sac grow per day?
Definition
1mm a day
Term
when is CRL most accurate?
Definition
before 9 weeks
Term
how much does an embryo grow during first trimester?
Definition
.8 mm a day
Term

true or false:

an empty gestational sac or intrauterine fluid collection should not be declared a definite IUP until a yolk sac is identified.

Definition
true
Term
when should a yolk sac be evident?
Definition
around 5.5 weeks
Term
yolk sac must be seen when MSD measures greater than what?
Definition

8mm endovaginal

or

16mm transabdominal

Term
the embryo must be identified when the MSD is greater than what?
Definition

16 mm endovaginal

or

25 mm transabdominal

Term
when must cardiac activity be identified?
Definition
if the embryo measures greater than 5 mm in length or 7 weeks.
Term
head and trunk are distinguishable at what week?
Definition
week 7
Term
Rhombencephalon will be apparent in the posterior fetal brain during what weeks?
Definition
weeks 8-11
Term
when is measurement of the nuchal translucency performed?
Definition
between 11-14 weeks gestation
Term
what is a normal thickness for a NT?
Definition
less than 3 mm
Term
what is aneuploidy?
Definition
an abnormal number of chromosomes resulting in a chromosomal abnormality
Term
what does Trisomy 21 indicate?
Definition
down syndrome
Term
What scanning techniques does an accurate NT measurement require.
Definition

*Spine Down

*Magnified Image(head, neck, thorax)

*fetal neck in neutral position

*skin and amnion clearly separate

*measure inner to inner perp. to long axis of fetus

*image optimized to clarify borders of nuchal space.

Supporting users have an ad free experience!