Term
| Formed by the thyroid prominence of the larnyx |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| C3; just superior to the thyroid cartilage |
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Term
| Location of Cricoid cartilage |
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Definition
C6
(Only complete ringe in the respiratory system) |
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Term
| Origin and insertion of platysma m. |
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Definition
o: Fascia of the deltoid and pectoral major m.
i: inferior border of the mandible |
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Term
| Innervation, arterial supply and action of the Platysma m. |
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Definition
i: CNVII (facial)
art: submental branch of facial a.; supraclavicualar a.
a: muscle of facial expression |
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Term
| Indertion of the Sternocleidomastoid m. |
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Definition
i: sternal head - anterior surface of the manubrium
clavicular head - superior surface of the medial 1/3 clavicle |
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Term
| Insertion of Sternocleidomastoid m. |
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Definition
| Lateral surface of the mastoid process of the temporal bone AND lateral half odd the superior nuchal line of the occipital bone |
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Term
| Innervation and arterial supply of the Sternocleidomastoid m. |
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Definition
i: CN XI (accessory n.) and ventral ramus of C2/C3
a: Suprascapular a., SCM branch of Superior Thyroid a., Occipital a. and Posterior Auricular a. |
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Term
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Definition
Alone: tilts head to own side and rotates chin superiorly
Together: flexes the neck |
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Term
| Function of the External Jugular Vein |
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Definition
| Drains scalp and face to the subclavian vein on the same side |
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Term
| Names of 4 nerves from the fascia of the poserior triangle of the neck |
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Definition
1. Lesser Occipital n.
2. Greater Auricular n.
3. Transverse Coli (Cervical)
4. Medial, Int. and lateral supraclavicular nn. |
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Term
| Course of the Lesser Occipital N. |
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Definition
| travels superior to the scalp posterior to the ear |
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Term
| Course of the Great Auricular N. |
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Definition
| Travels superiorly, anterior to the Lesser Occipital., with the external jugular v.; pierces inferior to the Lesser Occipital n. |
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Term
| Function of the Great Auricular n. |
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Definition
| innervates the skin posterior to the ear, the ear, the lower side of the face and neck, and the superior 1/2 of the SCM |
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Term
| Course of the Transverse Coli |
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Definition
| Travels anteriorly, pierces the Platysma m. |
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Term
| Function of the Transverse Coli |
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Definition
| Innervates the skin over the anterior triangle |
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Term
| Course of the 3 Supraclavicular nn. |
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Definition
| travls to the skin over the anterior chest and shoulder |
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Term
| What is the common location from which the 4 nerves of the posterior triangle emerge? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the boundaries of the posterior triangle? |
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Definition
Anterior: SCM border
Posterior: tranperzius anterior border
Inferior: middle 1/3 of clavicle
Roof: deep, investing fascia covering the space between the Trap and the SCM |
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Term
| What 6 muscles make up the floor of the posterior triangle? |
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Definition
1. Splenius capitus m.
2. Levator scapulae m.
3. Scalenus anterior m.
4. Scalenus medius m.
5. Scalenus posterior m.
6. Semispinalis capitus m. |
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Term
Insertion, origin and innervation of Spenius Capitus m. |
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Definition
o: lower 1/2 of the ligamentum nuchae; spines C7 - T5
i: mastoid of the temporal bone and lateral superior nuchal line
n: lateral branch of the dorsal rami of lower/middle spinal nn. |
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Term
Insertion, origin and innervation of Levator Scapulae |
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Definition
o: C1-C4 transverse processes
i: superior angle of scapula
n: ventral rami of C3-4 |
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Term
| Insertion, origin and innervation of Scalenus anterior m. |
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Definition
o: C3-C6 transverse processes
i: scalene tubercle and upper surface of 1st rib
n: C4-C7 ventral rami |
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Term
| Insertion, origin and innervation of Scalenus medius m. |
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Definition
o: C1-C7 transverse processes
i: superior surface of the 1st rib
n: C3-7 ventral rami |
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Term
| Insertion, origin and innervation of Scalenus posterior m. |
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Definition
o: C4-C6 transverse processes
i: superior border of 2nd rib
n: C5-7 ventral rami |
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Term
The 2 main arteries of the posterior triangle |
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Definition
1. Transverse Cerival a.
2. Suprascapular a. |
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Term
| Course of the transverse cervical a. |
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Definition
| lateral and posterior to the scalene mm.; divides into posterior and deep at the Levator Scapulae |
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Term
| Function of the transverse cervical a. |
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Definition
superficial branch: to levator scapulae m. and trapezius
deep branch: to lavetor scapulae m. and rhomboids |
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Term
| Course of the subscapular a. |
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Definition
Lateral and posterior inferior to the transverse cervical a.; also anterior to the phrenic n. and scalenus a.
Travels through the Great Scapular Nothc (over ligament) to the infraspinous fossa. |
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Term
| Function of the suprascapular a. |
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Definition
| Supplies the muscle around the scapula |
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Term
| 2 ("stand-alone"; not in a plexus) nerves in the posterior triangle |
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Definition
Spinal Acessory n.
Dorsal Scapular n.
("Nerve to the rhomboids") |
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Term
| 2 nerve plexuses in the posterior traingle |
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Definition
| Cervical plexus and brachnial plexus |
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Term
| Branches in the cervical plexus |
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Definition
1. Lesser orbital n. (C2)
2. Great auricular n. (C2-3)
3. Transverse Coli n. (C2-3)
4. Suprascapular n. (C3-4)
5. Phrenic n. (C3-5)
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Term
| Course of the cervical plexus |
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Definition
| Deep to the internal jugular vein and SCM; just deep to CNXI |
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Term
| Course of the brachial plexus |
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Definition
| roots and trunks located between scalenus anterior and medius. |
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Term
| Two dividions of the posterior triangle; what muscle divides them? |
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Definition
Supraclavicular (Omoclavicular traingle)
Occipital triangle |
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Term
| Boundaries of the Anterior triangle |
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Definition
Anteromedian line of the neck
Inferior border of the mandible
Anterior border of the SCM |
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Term
| Apex of the Anterior triangle |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the 4 Suprahyoid muscles |
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Definition
1. Mylohyoid
2. Geniohyoid
3. Digastric
4. Stylohyoid |
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Term
Origin and insertion of the Mylohyoid m. |
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Definition
o: medial aspect of the manible
i: midline raphe and body of the hyoid |
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Term
| Innervation and action of the Mylohyoid m. |
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Definition
i: mylohyoid n. (off the inderior alveolar from the mandibular division of the trigeminal n.)
act: elevates hyoid, floor of mouth, and tounge (in swallowing, speaking) |
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Term
| Origin and insertion of the Geniohyoid m. |
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Definition
o: mandible
i: body of hyoid |
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Term
| Innervation and action of the Geniohyoid m. |
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Definition
n: ventral ramus of the hypoglossal n. (CN XII)
act: pulls on hyoid during swallowing |
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Term
| Origin and Innervation of the Digastric m. |
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Definition
o: Anterior - digastric fossa on mandible
Posterior - mastoid process of temporal bone
i: Both - tendon attached to the hyoid (sling) |
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Term
| Innervation and action of the digastric m. |
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Definition
n: Anterior - mylohyoid n.
Posterior - facial n. (CN VII)
act: Both - raise the hyoid during swallowing and speaking
Posterior - open mouth, depress mandible |
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Term
| Innervation and action of the stylohyoid m. |
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Definition
n: Branch of the facial n.(CN VII)
act: raises hyoid during swallowing |
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Term
Origin of Ansa Cervicalis (Superior and Inferior roots) |
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Definition
C1-C3, overall
Superior root: C1 + hypoglossal n. to geniohyoid and thyrohyoid
Inferior root: C2-3
Branches then meet and form a loop (to omohyoid, sternohyoid and sternothyroid) |
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Term
|
Definition
1. Sternohyoid
2. Omohyoid
3. Sternothyroid
4. Thyrohyoid |
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Term
| Origin and innervation of the sternohyoid m. |
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Definition
o: sternal end of clavicle/manubrium
i: body of hyoid |
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Term
Innervation and action of the sternothyroid m. |
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Definition
n: C1-3 from cervical plexus (ansa cervicalis)
act: depresses hyoid after it is raised during swallowing |
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Term
| Origin and insertion of the omohyoid m. |
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Definition
o: Inferior belly - superior boder of scapula (near suprascapular notch)
Superior belly - Intermediate tendon
i: Inferior belly - Intermediate tendon
Superior belly - hyoid body |
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Term
| Innervation and action of the omohyoid m. |
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Definition
n: C1-3 via ansa cervicalis
act: depresses the hyoid |
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Term
| Origin and innervation of the sternothyroid m. |
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Definition
o: posterior surface of the manubrium
i: side of the thyroid cartilage |
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Term
| Innervation and action of the sternothyroid m. |
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Definition
n: C1-3 via ansa cervicalis
act: pulls larnyx inferiorly |
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Term
| Origin and insertion of the thyrohyoid m. |
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Definition
o: thyroid cartilage (oblique line on side)
i: body of the hyoid |
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Term
| Innervation and action of the thyroihyoid m. |
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Definition
n: C1 (ventral ramus of the hypglossal n. )
act: elevates the larnyx (swallowing) |
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Term
| Borders of the submandibular triangle |
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Definition
Inferior border of the mandible
2 bellies of the digatric |
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Term
| Contents of the submandibular triangle |
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Definition
Submandibular gland**
Submandibular duct
Hypoglossal N. (CNXII)
Stylohyoid m. |
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Term
| Borders of the Carotid triangle |
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Definition
Sternocleidomastoid M.
Superior belly of the Omohyoid M.
Posterior belly of the Digastric M. |
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Term
| Contents of carotid triangle |
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Definition
Common Carotid A. (then internal and external carotid a.)
Hypoglossal N.
Branches of the external carotid a.
Carotid sheath (Common and Internal Carotid AA.)
Vagus N.
Internal Jugular Vein |
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Term
| Branches off the external carotid a. |
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Definition
Superior thyroid a.
Lingual a.
Facial a.
Ascending pharyngeal a.
Occipital a. |
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Term
| What is the carotid sinus? |
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Definition
| located at the origin of the internal carotid a.; it responds to changes in arterial pressure |
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Term
| What is the carotid body? |
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Definition
| Located at the bifarcation of the carotid a.; it is a chemoreceptor that responds to increased CO2 or decreased O2 |
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Term
| Contents of the carotid sheath |
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Definition
| Internal jugular v., internal carotid a., vagus n. |
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Term
| Borders of the muscular triangle |
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Definition
Superior belly of the omohyoid m.
Anterior SCM
Midline of the neck |
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Term
| Contents of the muscular traingle |
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Definition
The infrahyoid mm.:
sternohyoid, omohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid
AND the thyroid gland |
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Term
| Borders of the submental traingle |
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Definition
Hyoid bone
Right and left anterior bellies of the digatric m.
Floor made of the mylohyoid mm. |
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Term
| Contents of the submental traingle |
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Definition
submental lymph nodes
small veins that join anterior jugular v. |
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Term
| What divides the subclavian artery into 3 parts? |
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Definition
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Term
| From what part of the subclavian a. does the vertrbra a. branch off? |
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Definition
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Term
| From what part of the subclavian a. does the thyrocervical trunk branch off? |
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Definition
| 1st part - after vertebral a. |
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Term
| What are the 3 branches off the thyrocervical trunk? |
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Definition
| Suprascapular a., Inferior thyroid a. and transverse cervical a. |
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Term
| What artery comes off the subclavian in part 2? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the final branch to come off in part 1? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do the vertrabral arteries come together to form? |
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Definition
| Basalar Artery --> Circle of Willis |
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Term
| What arteries come off the costercervical trunk? |
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Definition
| Superior intercostal and deep cervical aa. |
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Term
| What is the clinical ramifications of an aneurysm in the 3rd branch of the subclavian a.? |
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Definition
| Pinching of the brachial plexus |
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Term
| What is the benefits of the subclavian steal syndrome? |
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Definition
| A blockage in the subclavian artery prior to the vertebral a. branching off will flow through the basalar aa. and the circle of willis to supply flow after the blockage. |
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Term
| What two veins come toegtehr to form the brachiocephalic vein? |
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Definition
| Internal jugular and subclavian v. |
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Term
| What is the source and pathway of the R recurrent laryngeal n.? |
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Definition
| Comes off the R vagus, travels around the subclavian and loops upward to the esophagus/trachea and larnyx |
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Term
| Where would you find the phrenic n. in the neck? |
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Definition
| on top (anterior) to the Anterior scalene m. |
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Term
| Where does the thoracic duct empty? |
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Definition
| On the left side of the neck at the junction of the subclavian v. and the internal jugular v. (right before it becomes gthe brachiocephalic v.) |
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Term
| What arteries supply the thyroid gland? |
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Definition
| Superior and inferior thyropid a. |
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Term
| What 3 veins drain the thyroid gland? |
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Definition
| Superior, middle and inferior thyroid vv. |
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Term
| Why 2 thyroid veins drain into the internal jugular v.? Where does the other one drain? |
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Definition
| Superior and Middle into internal jugular v.; inferior into L brachiocephalic v. |
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Term
| What connects the two lobes of the thyroid gland? |
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Definition
| The isthmus of the thyroid |
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Term
| What levels of the trachea does the thyroid gland cover? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| The esophagus lies posterior to _____ and anterior to ______? |
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Definition
| posterior to the trachea and anterior to the spinal column (anterior longitudinal ligament) |
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Term
| Where do the recurrent laryngeal nerves ascend? |
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Definition
| Between the trachea and the esophagus |
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