Term
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Trichuris trichiura: Basic characteristics
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Definition
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•Family Trichuridae
•Whipworms
–Threadlike and suddenly become thick at posterior end.
•Third most common roundworm of humans
–795 million people infected worldwide
–US prevelance = 1.2%
•May reach 20-25% in children living in the Southeastern U.S.
–Adults live several years
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Term
| Trichuris Trichiura: Morphology |
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Definition
•30-50 mm long (small)
•Females larger than males
•Mouth lack lips
•Long esophagus- 2/3 body
•Anus near tip of tail
•Excretory system absent
•Single gonad
–Uterus full of unembryonated eggs.
•3 to 20 thousand/day
•Eggs lemon-shaped, with operculum at both poles.
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Term
| Trichuris Trichiura: Lifecycle |
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Definition
•Unembyonated eggs passed in feces
–Embyonate in soil after 21 days
•Eggs swallowed
•Juveniles (J1) hatch, enter crypts, and penetrate large intestine epithelium and submucosa
–Develop J1 to J4
•IN about 3 months posterior portion of adult breaks out and protrudes into intestinal lumen
–Slender region remains embedded in gut mucosa.
•histozoic
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Term
Trichuris Trichiura: Lifecycle
What is the infective stage?
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Definition
| Embryonated eggs are ingested |
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Term
Trichuris Trichiura: Lifecycle
What is the primary DH?
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Definition
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Term
Trichuris Trichiura: Lifecycle
What is the diagnostic stage?
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Definition
| Unembyonated eggs passed in feces |
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Term
Trichuris Trichiura: Epidemiology
1.Who do they mainly affect?
2.In what areas is transmission most wide?
3.What types of environments does transmission require?
4.What needs to happen to become infected?
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Definition
1.Parasites of humans (D.H.) although dogs may also be susceptible.
2.Transmission in areas of poor sanitation
3.Environments: warm climate, high rainfall/humidity, moisture-retaining soil, and dense shade.
4.Become infected when eat embrynated egg in: geophagy, nightsoil, house flies are mechanical vectors, chickens and pigs are transport hosts, and infectactions aggregated.
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Term
Trichuris Trichiura: Pathology
1.Is it asymptomatic or symptomatic?
2.What age group most prone to heavy infections?
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Definition
1.Asymptomatic if less than 100 worms
2.Children are prone to heavy infections because of behavior
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Term
Trichuris Trichiura: Pathology
What are the symptoms?
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Definition
•Trauma to intestinal epithelium and submucosa
–Deysentery
–Hemorrhage-anemia
–Prolapsed rectum
•Growth and Cognitive retardation
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