Term
| The most prevailent Neurological Disorder |
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Definition
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Term
| Does cerebrovascular HPTN cause hemorrhagic or Ischemic Strokes |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the mechanisms of Ischemic Encephalopathy |
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Definition
Global or local decrease in perfusion
Decrease in O2 content of the blood |
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Term
| What cell is most suseptible to stroke |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 3 most sensitive areas of the brain to ischemia |
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Definition
Hippocampus
Cerebellar Purkinje cells
Cerebral cortex |
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Term
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Definition
| Dropout of neurons in the cortex in a laminar pattern seen in severe ischemic episodes |
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Term
| How do you differentiate a postmortum clot from a thrombus |
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Definition
| thrombus willl have lines of Zahn |
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Term
| What are the main causes of cerebral infarction |
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Definition
Thrombus formed from atherosclerosis or arteritis
Embolisms |
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Term
| What is a shower embolism and what is the likely cause? |
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Definition
Many small emboli causing generalized symptoms
Usually caused by a fat embolism |
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Term
| What are the 3 most common sites for cerebrovascular lesions |
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Definition
Internal carotid
Middle cerebral
Anterior/Posterior Cerebral |
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Term
| What is the difference between Anemic and hemorrhagic cerebral infarcts and the most common cause of each |
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Definition
Hemorrhagic infarcts occur when flow is quickly restored
Hemorrhagic: Embolism
Anemic: Thrombus |
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Term
| What is the sequential pathology of an infarct |
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Definition
12-18hrs: Cytoplasmic Eosinophilia and macroscopic softening
3 days: Max Polys
1 wk: Monocyte/Macrophage infiltration
2-3 wks: Astrocytosis-> Cyst Formation |
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Term
| What are lacunar infarcts and their most common cause |
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Definition
Small cystic infarcts in the lenticulostriate branches supplying the basal ganglia or white matter
Hypertension is the leading cause |
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Term
| What are the most common sites of lacunar Infarction |
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Definition
Basal Ganglia(Lenticulate, Thalamus, Deep White, Caudate)
Pons
Cerebellum |
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Term
| What are some presentations of lacunar infarcts |
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Definition
Pure Motor Hemiparalysis-Internal capsule
Pure Sensory-VPL Thalamus
Mixed Sensory/Motor- Thalamus and IC
Ataxic Hemiparalysis-IC and Pons base
Disarthria/Clumsy hand-Pontine base |
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Term
| Most common etiology of intracranial hemorrhage |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a Charcot-Bouchard Aneurysm |
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Definition
| Dilation of the pentrating arteries most often in the brainstem and usually causes sudden focal paralysis or sensory deficits |
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Term
| What is the most common cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where do berry aneurysms typically occur and why are they common in the brain |
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Definition
Anterior/Anterior Communicating branch
Carotids/Posterior Commuunicating branch
Trifurcation of Middle Cerebral
Tip of the basilar artery
Intracranial Arteries only possess one elastic lamina |
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Term
| What is the sign of a rupture aneurysm(Subarachnoid Bleed) on CSF analysis? |
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Definition
| Xanthochromia: yellow pigmentation of CSF from lysed RBCs |
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Term
| What are the common complications of cerebral Aneurysms |
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Definition
CNIII Lesion: Papillary dilation/ Oculomotor palsy
Minor Subarachnoid Bleed
Parenchymal Damage
Hydrocephalus from Blood clot formation in ventricle |
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Term
| What is the most common site for Cerebral AV malformations? What are the complications |
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Definition
Hemispheres
Complications: Parenchymal damage, subarachnoid hemorrhage |
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Term
| What disease can multiple small lacunar infarcts mimic? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 3 major types of aneurysms |
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Definition
Berry
Atherosclerotic
Mycotic |
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