Term
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Definition
| Elevated resting tension in the muscles, draws the body out of normal position |
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Term
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Definition
| the state of being aware, attentive, and mentally functional |
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Term
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Definition
| the pt is excessively restless, demonstrates increased physical activity and/or mental activity |
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Term
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Definition
| the state of disorientation accompanied by irritability, agitation, suspicion, and/or fear. The pt may also misperceive stimuli |
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Term
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Definition
| the state of altered mental processes that usually does not change arousal |
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Term
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Definition
| prolonged drowsiness, a condition that resembles a sleepy trance |
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Term
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Definition
| dulled response to stimuli. The pt is typically confused and requires constant stimulation for all activities |
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Term
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Definition
| the pt is aroused only by intense stimuli. Motor response and reflex reaction are typically preserved |
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Term
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Definition
| defined as unconsciousness without spontaneous eye opening and with minimal or no response to external stimuli |
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Term
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Definition
| difficulty with motor component of speech. They know what they want to say, but they can't get it out |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Broca's aphasia (motor, expressive and non-fluent aphasia) |
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Definition
| difficulty with expression of language (verbal and written), ability to understand language and speak preserved, pt may become frustrated but can follow commands |
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Term
| Wernicke's aphasia (receptive aphasia) |
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Definition
| comprehension of language is impaired, production of sound not impaired but output is meaningless, pt will not be able to follow commands |
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Term
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Definition
| caused by damaged connection of Wernicke's & Broca's areas, speech and writing impaired but comprehension of both spared |
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Term
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Definition
| inability to use language in any form; usually poor outcome, often caused by large lesion in left hemisphere |
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Term
| Damage to the non-dominant hemisphere(usually right) corresponding to Broca's area causes: |
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Definition
| impaired expression of non-verbal communication with lack of emotional component of speech (facial expressions and gestures) |
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Term
| Damage to the non-dominant hemisphere (usually right) corresponding to Wernicke's area causes: |
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Definition
Impaired reception of non-verbal communication (may not be able to distinguish between joke "get out of here" and truely meaning for the person to leave)
Damage to the area may also cause neglect/in-attention |
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Term
| Systems included in the systems review |
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Definition
cardiovascular/pulmonary
musculoskeletal
integument
neuromuscular
communication
endocrine
GI/hepatobiliary
hematologic |
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Term
| Sensation examination areas |
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Definition
light touch
pain
temperature
vibration
deep pressue/pain |
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Term
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Definition
instruct the pt to close their eyes while the examiner passively moves an extremity/joint into a static position, ask the pt to identify the end position.
Start at the distal extremity and move proximally |
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Term
| Assessing movement sense (kinesthesia) |
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Definition
instruct the pt to close their eyes while passively moving an extremity/joint, ask the pt to describe the motion while the extremity is in motion
the examiner may also instruct the pt to duplicate the movement with the other extremity |
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Term
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Definition
| loss of half of the visual field |
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Term
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Definition
| Quick eye position change from one side to the next |
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Term
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Definition
action or task with a goal
-voluntary movement of body and/or limbs required to achieve the goal |
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Term
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Definition
| motor tasks that involve large muscle groups and goals that do not require precise movements (running and jumping) |
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Term
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Definition
| requires control of small muscles to achieve (writing, buttoning, etc. dexterity) |
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Term
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Definition
| Task, individual, environment |
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Term
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Definition
| adaptations in response to ongoing feedaback |
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Term
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Definition
| adaptations made in advance of movements; feed forward |
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Term
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Definition
| movements that occur in a fixed environment |
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Term
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Definition
| movements in a changing or variable environment |
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Term
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Definition
| task has a defined beginning and end |
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Term
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Definition
| discrete skills are put together in a series |
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Term
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Definition
| arbitrary beginning and end points |
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Term
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Definition
| skills initiated at will, typically closed skills |
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Term
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Definition
| skills initiated and dictated by the external environment |
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Term
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Definition
| discrete movements that are not well controlled |
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Term
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Definition
| ability to maintain a steady position in weight-bearing, anti-gravity position |
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Term
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Definition
| ability to maintain postural stability while superimposing mobility |
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Term
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Definition
| highly coordinated movement involving adaptability of movements to meet demands of individual and environment |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability to regulate or direct the mechanisms essential to movement |
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Term
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Definition
| unable to perform tasks or movements when asked, even though they understand the directions asked |
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Term
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Definition
| Sensing - Perceiving - interpreting - conceptualization - strategy/plan - activation - execution |
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Term
| Deep Tendon Reflexes (DTR) |
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Definition
| Stimulation if IA afferents of the muscle spindle produces muscle contraction via monosynaptic pathway |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Biceps musculocutaneous nerve |
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Definition
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Term
| Brachioradialis radial nerve |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Finger Flexors, median nerve |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Quadriceps, femoral nerve |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| SUperficial Cutaneous Reflexes |
|
Definition
| expected response is brief contraction of muscles innervated by spinal segments receiving afferent input |
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Term
| Plantar - superficial cutaneous reflex |
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Definition
light stroke to sole of foot along lateral border up across ball of foot
Normal response: flexion big toe
Abnormal response: babinski sig |
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Term
|
Definition
extension of great toe and fanning of other toes
UMN |
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Term
| Abdominal - superficial cutaneous reflex |
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Definition
light stroke on skin over abs should elicit contraction of abs underneath
lack of response may occur with obesity and/or pathology (SCI)
asymmetrical response also sign of either UMN or LMN involvement |
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Term
| Primitive Spinal Reflexes |
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Definition
flexor withdraw
crossed extension
Grasp reflex
Moro
Startle |
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Term
|
Definition
positive supporting reaction
symmetrical tonic labyrinthine reflex (supine)
Tonic labyrinthine reflex (prone)
Symmetrical tonic neck
Asymmetrical tonic neck (ATNR) |
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Term
| Myostatic (stretch) reflex |
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Definition
| Jaw, Biceps, brachioradialis, triceps, finger flexors, hamstrings, quadriceps, achillies |
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Term
|
Definition
UE limb synkinesis
LE limb synkinesis
Homolateral limb synkinesis
Raimiste's phenomena
Souques phenomena |
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Term
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Definition
| active flexion of one arm may evoke an assocaited reaction of flexion in the other arm, same for extension |
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Term
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Definition
| Active flexor evokes an extensor pattern in the other let, active extesnion evokes a flexor pattern in the other leg |
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Term
| homolateral limb synkinesis |
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Definition
| active flexion in an arm or leg evokes flexion in the other lomb on the same side of the body |
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Term
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Definition
| active abduction in uninvolved leg with some resistance applied facilitates abduction in the other leg, same for add |
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Term
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Definition
| raising the involved UE about 100 degrees with with elbow extension facilitates extension and abduction of the fingers |
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Term
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Definition
| controlling the bodies position in space for both stability and orientation |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability to maintain an appropriate relationship between body segments as well as between the body and environment for task completion |
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Term
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Definition
AKA Balance
the ability to control the COM over BOS |
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Term
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Definition
allows us to remain upright when sitting or standing
Factors contributing:
-alignment
-muscle tone |
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Term
|
Definition
Maintenance of COG over BOS during continuously maintained task
-siting
-standing
-walking
-running |
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Term
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Definition
| postural response made in anticipation of voluntary movement |
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Term
|
Definition
| response to sensory feedback from external perturbation |
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Term
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Definition
refers to how far the COM can move outside the BOS before loss of stability
neurocom |
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Term
| Anticipatory balance reactions |
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Definition
| adjustments made to the postural control system in anticipation of planned movements. Required to smoothly move into and out of a steady state |
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Term
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Definition
| measures how well a person responds to changes in the environment to maintain balance |
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Term
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Definition
movement strategies in response to perturbations.
Keeps the COM over the COG |
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Term
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Definition
| Ankle, hip, stepping, suspensory |
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Term
| Examining extremities for impairment in motor performance |
|
Definition
Part I: describing movement and strength
Part II: testing and documenting PROM and tone
Part III: Assessing coordination
Part IV: assess timing of movement/motor control
Part V: consider secondary impairment |
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Term
| involuntary movement impairments |
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Definition
Abnormal positioning and reflexes (emergence of primitive/developmental reflexes), dystonia, association response (the stereotyped spastic pattern)
Tremor
Choreiform or athetoid movements |
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Term
|
Definition
| coupling together of a number of joint movements (can be normal or abnormal) |
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Term
|
Definition
involuntary, repeating, rhythmic muscle contractions
UMN |
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Term
|
Definition
| movement is under voluntary control but joints are coupled. Abnormal stroke synergies, primitive reactions or associated reactions used in function |
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Term
|
Definition
| movement is under voluntary control. THe person can move one joint in one direction at a time |
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Term
|
Definition
| movement occurs without conscious command. Stereotypical abnormal patterns. |
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Term
|
Definition
| ataxic tremors, alien hand syndrome, stretch reflex |
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Term
| Brunnstrom's Stroke Theories |
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Definition
| Uses primitive synergistic patterns that emerge post stroke by improving motor control through central facilitation. |
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Term
|
Definition
flaccidity (immediately post onset)
No voluntary movements on the affected side can be initiated, absence of tone |
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Term
|
Definition
Spasticity developing.
Association reactions present. Some voluntary movements in synergies. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Patient gains voluntary control over synergies. Increased spasticity, can move limb 1/3 ROM voluntarily |
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Term
|
Definition
Voluntary movement available.
Starting to move out of synergy, spasticity starts to decrease |
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Term
|
Definition
synergy loses dominance.
Movement is more out of synergy |
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Term
|
Definition
Isolated movement is available.
No spasticity is readily evident but may emerge with stress, coordination is near normal. |
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Term
|
Definition
normal function is restored.
normal speed, strength and coordination |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| one arm and one leg on either side of the body |
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Term
|
Definition
symmetrical parts of the body
ie: 2 arms or 2 legs |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| Scales that describe movement following neurologic impairment |
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Definition
| The Fugi-meyer Physical PerformanceBattery assessment (FMA), Wolf Motor function test, Motor Assessment scale, Rivermead stroke assessment, Stroke Rehabilitation Assessment of Movement (STREAM), and Chedoke-McMaster Stroke Assessment |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| tremor that increases with movement (aka inattention tremor) |
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Term
|
Definition
| over or undershooting a target, unable to move the precise distance required to locate a target |
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Term
|
Definition
| Impaired ability to complete rapid alternating movements |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Abnormally low tone, flaccidity resulting in movement limitations |
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Term
|
Definition
| inability to coordinate voluntary muscle movements |
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