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Neuro Syndromes/Lesions
Lesions
59
Other
Graduate
05/08/2010

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Term
Degeneration of mammillary bodies and medial thalamus due to chronic alcohol abuse and thiamine deficiency
Definition
involves the Papez circuit (hippocampus, fonix, mamillary bodies, ant thalamus and cingulate cortex)
- involved in memory and emotion
- confusiona nd memory loss as part of the Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
Term
nucleus accumbens controls ____
Definition
motor behavior driven by appetitive and emotional stimuli - implicated in drug addiction and several psychiatric disorders
Term
basal nucleus of Meynert
Definition
inputs to the cortex
- cholinergic neurons important for consolidation of memory related changes in the cortex and is reduced in Alzheimer's
Term
Jacksonian seizure
Definition
irritation of the precentral gyrus from a scar, tumor, or epilepsy (motor cortex area 4 and premotor cortex area 6) that sets off a movement pattern in the contralateral body
Term
Broca's area
Definition
cortical center mediating motor components of speech
- critical for finding words in the lexicon to identify common objects and format them as spoken word
- may lead to aphasia
Term
Mamillothalamic tract
Definition
mamillary body to the ant thalamic nuclei and thalamic tubercle
Term
Medial geniculate nuclei
Definition
from the inferior colliculus to the auditory relay
Term
stria medullaris thalami
Definition
from the thalamus to the habenulae - maternal behavior
Term
VPM nucleus
Definition
INPUT: pain, temp, touch, pressure, vibration, conscious proprioception from the face and head
OUTPUT: primary somatosensory of post central gyrus
Term
VPL nucleus
Definition
INPUT: pain, temp, touch, P, vibration, conscious proprioception from extremities, neck, and trunk
OUTPUT: primary somatosensory from poscentral gyrus
Term
Insula
- anterior
- middle
- posterior
Definition
anterior - taste
middle - visceral sensation
posterior - emotional aspect of pain
Term
Lateral geniculate body
Definition
Input: retinal ganglion cells of contralateral vision
Term
amygdala
Definition
sexually dimorphic
- sexual behavior and some agression
- activates motivational and motor programs
- evaluate emotional content of external stimuli and generates internal states that drive behavior
- damage - patients fail to recognize fear in the faces of others and emotional states in general
Term
Hippocampal formation
Definition
seizure prone
- vulnerable to anoxia
- bilateral damage - memory impairments that preclude learning of new information; old memories not necessarily affected
Term
gracile fasciulus
Definition
lower extremity primary neurons in the dorsal columns/medial lemniscus
- proprioception and discriminatory touch
- ipsilateral
Term
gracile nucleus
Definition
contains secondary neurons of dorsal columns and gives rise to internal arcuate fibers that project to the VPL of the thalamus
Term
cuneate fasciculus and nucleus
Definition
fasciculus - C1-T6 upper extremity primary neurons of dorsal columns with proprioception and discriminative touch
- ipsilaterall
nucleus - same as gracile nucleus but from C1-T6
Term
spinal trigeminal tract (STT)
Definition
primary sensory from CN V, VII< IX< X to the nucleus to the VTT to the VPM of the thalamus
- pain, temp, and simple touch from the head, face, nasal and oral cavity, and ear
Term
dorsal spinocerebellar tract
Definition
UNCROSSED
- info to the cerebellum
- unconscious proprioception of individual muscles and joints
Term
lateral corticospinal tract
Definition
UMN - skilled motor activity of the limbs
Term
ventral spinocerebellar tract
Definition
CROSSED
- unconscious proprioception for the WHOLE limbs
Term
spinothalamic tract
Definition
CROSSED, contralateral by the caudal medulla
- simple pain, temp, and touch
Term
corticospinal
Definition
UNCROSSED at the pyramids in the caudal medulla
- motor
Term
lateral vestibulospinal tract
Definition
from ipsilateral vestibular nuclei
- controls extensor tone
Term
ventral corticospinal tract
Definition
UNCROSSED
- controls axial muscles
Term
tectopsinal
Definition
coordinate head and eye movements
Term
MLF (medial longitudinal fasciculus)
Definition
coordinate eye movement connection nuclei of CN III, IV, VI
Term
spinal accessory nucleus
Definition
motor to the SCM and trapezius muscle with CN XI
Term
superior cerebellar peduncle
Definition
connects pons to midbrain and contains the ventral spinocerebellar tract (afferent)
Term
Dorsal nucleus of Clarke
Definition
origin of the dorsal spinocerebellar tract
C8-L3-L4
Term
Onuf's nucleus
Definition
ventrolateral motor group
- sexually dimorphic
pineal
Term
superior colliculus
Definition
visual input from retina and auditory from inf. colliculus - audiovisual reflexes
Term
red nucleus
Definition
BILATERAL input from cortex. CONTRALATERAL input from cerebellum influencing flexor muscles and projects to the spinal cord and inf. olive
Term
edinger-westphal nucleus
Definition
GVE preganglioninc parasympathetic to the ciliary ganglia
Term
inferior colliculus
Definition
auditory relay from lateral lemniscus prkecting to the medial geniculate body
Term
dentate nucleus
Definition
through sup cerebellar peduncle to the contralateral red nucleus, VPL of thalamus, and inf olivary nuclei
Term
trigeminal mesencephalic nuc and tract
Definition
proprioception of muscles of mastication
Term
principal sensory nucle of CN V
Definition
touch, pressure from head, neck and face
Term
motor nucleus of V
Definition
motor ot muscles of mastication
Term
superior olive
Definition
auditory relay nucleus from the cochlear nerve
- contributes to lateral lemniscus
Term
lateral lemniscus
Definition
pontine auditory path
- contralateral cochelar input
Term
facial nucleus
Definition
input from spinal trigeminal nucleus for the corneal reflex and from the corticobulbar fibers for the bilateral upper face and contralateral lower face
Term
nucleus tractus solitarius
Definition
primary neurons from CN VII, IX, X
secondary neurons to pons and VPM of thalamus to the insula
- CN IX, X - visceral afferent from larynx, pharynx, thorax and abdomen
- CN VII, IX, X - gustatory afferent for taste
Term
hypoglossal nucleus -
Definition
bilateral fibers, CN XII
voluntary tongue muscle and response to oral, lingual and pharyngeal stimuli
Term
dorsal motor nucleus of vagus
Definition
visceral afferent ending in the thoracis and abdominal viscera
Term
nucleus ambiguus
Definition
efferent innervation to the heart, m of the palate, larynx and pharynx
CN X, XI
Term
extradural hematoma
Definition
bleeding in extradural space, space occupying, form slowly at first and rapidly when the dura is stipped until the suture lines
- can cause uncal herniation and compress the midbrain
lens like appearance on scans
Term
subdural hematoma
Definition
in subdural space when bridging veins are torn in trauma
- found near vertex or temporal region
- form slowly since it is usually venous and can spread widely
- signs include vomitting and headache
Term
subarachnoid hemorrhage
Definition
bleeds into subarachnoid space following stroke or leakage of blood form aneurysm
- pools in basal cistern and gives star shape on CT
Term
supply of anterior choroidal artery
Definition
basal ganglia, internal capsule, amygdala, hippocampus, choroid plexus of lateral ventricles
Term
anterior communicating artery (ACA)
Definition
medial aspect of each cerebral hemisphere,
Term
middle cereberal artery (MCA)
Definition
wedge shape infarction, lateral sides of cerebral hemispheres including frontal and parietal lobes and superolateral surface of temporal lobe, also the occipital pole
Term
striate arteries
Definition
caudate nucleus and internal capsule
Term
PCA
Definition
thalamus, inferior surface of temporal and occipital lobes and medial surface of occipital lobes
Term
PICA
Definition
medulla
Term
paramedian branches:
AICA
labyrinthine arteries
Sup cerebellar
Definition
AICA - anterior inferior cerebellar surface, pons, and rostral medulla
labbrinthine - supply inner ear
Sup cerebellar - sup cerebellar surface, pons, midbrain, pineal
Term
interomediolateral cell column - lateral horn
Definition
preganglionic sympathetic to midthoracic
Term
posteromarginal nucleus
Definition
input from Lissauers tract with info related to pain and temp
Term
medullary reticular formation -
Definition
respiration, blood presure, and sterotryped oro-facial movements and swallowing
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