Term
Degeneration of mammillary bodies and medial thalamus due to chronic alcohol abuse and thiamine deficiency |
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Definition
involves the Papez circuit (hippocampus, fonix, mamillary bodies, ant thalamus and cingulate cortex) - involved in memory and emotion - confusiona nd memory loss as part of the Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome |
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nucleus accumbens controls ____ |
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Definition
motor behavior driven by appetitive and emotional stimuli - implicated in drug addiction and several psychiatric disorders |
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inputs to the cortex - cholinergic neurons important for consolidation of memory related changes in the cortex and is reduced in Alzheimer's |
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irritation of the precentral gyrus from a scar, tumor, or epilepsy (motor cortex area 4 and premotor cortex area 6) that sets off a movement pattern in the contralateral body |
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cortical center mediating motor components of speech - critical for finding words in the lexicon to identify common objects and format them as spoken word - may lead to aphasia |
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Definition
mamillary body to the ant thalamic nuclei and thalamic tubercle |
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from the inferior colliculus to the auditory relay |
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from the thalamus to the habenulae - maternal behavior |
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INPUT: pain, temp, touch, pressure, vibration, conscious proprioception from the face and head OUTPUT: primary somatosensory of post central gyrus |
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INPUT: pain, temp, touch, P, vibration, conscious proprioception from extremities, neck, and trunk OUTPUT: primary somatosensory from poscentral gyrus |
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Term
Insula - anterior - middle - posterior |
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Definition
anterior - taste middle - visceral sensation posterior - emotional aspect of pain |
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Definition
Input: retinal ganglion cells of contralateral vision |
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sexually dimorphic - sexual behavior and some agression - activates motivational and motor programs - evaluate emotional content of external stimuli and generates internal states that drive behavior - damage - patients fail to recognize fear in the faces of others and emotional states in general |
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Definition
seizure prone - vulnerable to anoxia - bilateral damage - memory impairments that preclude learning of new information; old memories not necessarily affected |
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Definition
lower extremity primary neurons in the dorsal columns/medial lemniscus - proprioception and discriminatory touch - ipsilateral |
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Definition
contains secondary neurons of dorsal columns and gives rise to internal arcuate fibers that project to the VPL of the thalamus |
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Term
cuneate fasciculus and nucleus |
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Definition
fasciculus - C1-T6 upper extremity primary neurons of dorsal columns with proprioception and discriminative touch - ipsilaterall nucleus - same as gracile nucleus but from C1-T6 |
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Term
spinal trigeminal tract (STT) |
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Definition
primary sensory from CN V, VII< IX< X to the nucleus to the VTT to the VPM of the thalamus - pain, temp, and simple touch from the head, face, nasal and oral cavity, and ear |
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Term
dorsal spinocerebellar tract |
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Definition
UNCROSSED - info to the cerebellum - unconscious proprioception of individual muscles and joints |
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lateral corticospinal tract |
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Definition
UMN - skilled motor activity of the limbs |
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ventral spinocerebellar tract |
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Definition
CROSSED - unconscious proprioception for the WHOLE limbs |
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Definition
CROSSED, contralateral by the caudal medulla - simple pain, temp, and touch |
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UNCROSSED at the pyramids in the caudal medulla - motor |
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lateral vestibulospinal tract |
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Definition
from ipsilateral vestibular nuclei - controls extensor tone |
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ventral corticospinal tract |
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Definition
UNCROSSED - controls axial muscles |
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Definition
coordinate head and eye movements |
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MLF (medial longitudinal fasciculus) |
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Definition
coordinate eye movement connection nuclei of CN III, IV, VI |
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Definition
motor to the SCM and trapezius muscle with CN XI |
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superior cerebellar peduncle |
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Definition
connects pons to midbrain and contains the ventral spinocerebellar tract (afferent) |
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Definition
origin of the dorsal spinocerebellar tract C8-L3-L4 |
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Definition
ventrolateral motor group - sexually dimorphic pineal |
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Definition
visual input from retina and auditory from inf. colliculus - audiovisual reflexes |
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Definition
BILATERAL input from cortex. CONTRALATERAL input from cerebellum influencing flexor muscles and projects to the spinal cord and inf. olive |
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Definition
GVE preganglioninc parasympathetic to the ciliary ganglia |
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Definition
auditory relay from lateral lemniscus prkecting to the medial geniculate body |
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Definition
through sup cerebellar peduncle to the contralateral red nucleus, VPL of thalamus, and inf olivary nuclei |
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trigeminal mesencephalic nuc and tract |
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Definition
proprioception of muscles of mastication |
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principal sensory nucle of CN V |
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Definition
touch, pressure from head, neck and face |
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motor ot muscles of mastication |
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auditory relay nucleus from the cochlear nerve - contributes to lateral lemniscus |
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Definition
pontine auditory path - contralateral cochelar input |
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Definition
input from spinal trigeminal nucleus for the corneal reflex and from the corticobulbar fibers for the bilateral upper face and contralateral lower face |
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Term
nucleus tractus solitarius |
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Definition
primary neurons from CN VII, IX, X secondary neurons to pons and VPM of thalamus to the insula - CN IX, X - visceral afferent from larynx, pharynx, thorax and abdomen - CN VII, IX, X - gustatory afferent for taste |
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Definition
bilateral fibers, CN XII voluntary tongue muscle and response to oral, lingual and pharyngeal stimuli |
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dorsal motor nucleus of vagus |
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Definition
visceral afferent ending in the thoracis and abdominal viscera |
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Definition
efferent innervation to the heart, m of the palate, larynx and pharynx CN X, XI |
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Definition
bleeding in extradural space, space occupying, form slowly at first and rapidly when the dura is stipped until the suture lines - can cause uncal herniation and compress the midbrain lens like appearance on scans |
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Definition
in subdural space when bridging veins are torn in trauma - found near vertex or temporal region - form slowly since it is usually venous and can spread widely - signs include vomitting and headache |
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Definition
bleeds into subarachnoid space following stroke or leakage of blood form aneurysm - pools in basal cistern and gives star shape on CT |
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supply of anterior choroidal artery |
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Definition
basal ganglia, internal capsule, amygdala, hippocampus, choroid plexus of lateral ventricles |
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anterior communicating artery (ACA) |
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Definition
medial aspect of each cerebral hemisphere, |
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middle cereberal artery (MCA) |
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Definition
wedge shape infarction, lateral sides of cerebral hemispheres including frontal and parietal lobes and superolateral surface of temporal lobe, also the occipital pole |
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Definition
caudate nucleus and internal capsule |
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Definition
thalamus, inferior surface of temporal and occipital lobes and medial surface of occipital lobes |
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Definition
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paramedian branches: AICA labyrinthine arteries Sup cerebellar |
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Definition
AICA - anterior inferior cerebellar surface, pons, and rostral medulla labbrinthine - supply inner ear Sup cerebellar - sup cerebellar surface, pons, midbrain, pineal |
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interomediolateral cell column - lateral horn |
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Definition
preganglionic sympathetic to midthoracic |
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Definition
input from Lissauers tract with info related to pain and temp |
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Term
medullary reticular formation - |
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Definition
respiration, blood presure, and sterotryped oro-facial movements and swallowing |
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