Term
| Inferior Alternating Hemiplegia |
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Definition
--Vascular damage to medullar brain stem (branch of anterior spinal artery)
Damaged Areas & Result:
Pyramidal aka Corticospinal Tract (UMNs) --> contralateral hemiplegia
Medial Lemniscus --> contralateral fine touch & proprioception
Hypoglossal CN (XII) --> weakness/paralysis of ipsilateral tongue --> speech problems
PAIN & TEMP PRESERVED WHOLE BODY |
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Term
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Definition
| --Virus damages LMNs in anterior horn & sometimes in gray matter o/medulla
S&S: runny nose, stiff neck, weakness, nausea, absent reflexes, progressing to flaccid paralysis w/fibrillations & atrophy.
Damage:
--Neospinothalamic tract --Destr. o/ LMN's in anterior horn denervates muscle fibers
--After a few weeks, surviving nerves form new axons to supply orphans. |
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Term
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Definition
HEMISECTION OF THE SPINAL CORD
Main S & S related to damaged:
--lateral corticospinal tract --> IPSI voluntary motor loss; UMNs, so paralysis is spastic & hyperreflexive; IPSI Babinski
--fasciculus gracilis (DCML TRACT)--> IPSI lower body fine touch & proprioception
--lateral spinothalamic (ALS TRACT) --> IPSI pain & temp B/C FIBERS CROSS AT ENTRY LEVEL, CONTRA LOSS 2-3 LEVELS BELOW LESION |
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Term
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Definition
Neurosyphilis; attacks the posterior nerve roots & DRganglia on both sides.
S & S:
--WESTPHAL'S SIGN: absence o/patellar reflex
--absent/weak all reflexes
--hypotonic skel. musc b/c loss o/ spindle reflex
--impaired vision & light rxn (reflexes again)
--locomotor ataxia (b/c DCML fine touch & proprio loss)
--paresthesias
--unrinary hesitancy/retention (reflex)
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Term
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Definition
--Caused by damage to red nucleus/CN III in midbrain; usually vascular, can be tumor
--IPSI occulomotor (CN III) palsy --> "down n out"; ptosis; absent pupillary reflex; eyes don't move together.
--CONTRA cerebellar intention tremor in hand and foot b/c opposite cerebellar hemisphere goes thru red nucleus. |
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Term
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
aka
Lou Gherig's Disease |
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Definition
--Degeneration of UMNs & LMNs; affects anterior horn cells & lateral corticospinal tracts
--consciousness & perception fine
--paresis; spasticity; clonus; Babinski's; fasciculations; fibrillations; atrophy
--death from repiratory distress |
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