Term
Contemporary Task Oriented Approaches to Motor Control Training |
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Definition
Reject reflex-hierarchical model and traditional neurophysiologic therapies Remediation of client factors and environmental modifications Motor is determined by interactive systems, behavior and adaptive mechanisms Movement is controlled by integration of environmental, sensorimotor, musculoskeletal, regulatory and behavioral/emotional goals control over kinematic variables |
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Term
Interventions for Task-Oriented Approach |
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Definition
Helping pt.s adjust to role and task limitations creat environment of everyday challenges practice functional tasks opportunities for practice outsid etherapy time remediating a client factor minimizing inefficient/ineffective movement adapt environment modify task use assistive technology |
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Term
Principles of Motor Learning |
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Definition
The goal is acquisition of functional skills that can be generalized to multiple situations and environments |
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Term
Motor Learning - Skill Acquisition Stage - Cognitive Stage |
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Definition
Develops understanding of task Cognitive mapping task demands identifies stimuli Contacts memory selects response performs initial aproximations of task Structures motor program Modifies initial response |
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Term
Skill Acquisition Stage - Cognitive Stage Training Strategies |
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Definition
Hightlight purpose of task Demonstrate performance of task pt.s verbalize task point out similiarities select intrinsic and extrinsic feedback (vision, knowledge of performance and of results pt. evaluates performance use reinforcement Feedback is used Organize initial practice (stress controlled movement, rest periods, guidance, break down, bilateral transfers used and blocked practice, use variable and mental practice) Assess, modify arousal levels Structure environment empasize closed skills then to open reduce environmental stimuli |
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Term
Skill Retention Stage - Associated stage |
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Definition
Practices movements Refines motor programs spatial and temporal organization decreases errors extraneous movements visual feedback decreases increase of proprioceptive feedback decrease cognitive monitoring HOW TO DO decisions |
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Term
Skill Retention Stage - Associated Stage Training Strategies |
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Definition
Select appropriate feedback Provide knowledge of performance and knowledge of results improve self evaluation and decision skills facilitation techniques Organize feedback positive feedback Avoid excessive feedback Focus on variable feedback organize variable practice Structure environment ( progress toward open/changing) prepare for home/community environments |
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Term
Autonomous Stage - Skill Transfer stage |
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Definition
Practices movement, Refines motor responses, Spatial and temporal highly organized Movements are largely error free minimal level of cognitive monitoring |
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Term
Autonomous Stage - Skill Transfer stage Training Strategies |
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Definition
Assess conscious attention, & automaticity of movements Select appropriate feedback, demonstrates appropriate self-evaluation provide feedback when errors are evident Organize practice in variable environments and open skills High level of practice (massed practice) Vary environments Ready for home competitive sports |
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Term
Random or variable practice |
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Definition
practice of several tasks that are presented in random order |
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Term
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Definition
repeated performance of the same motor skill |
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Term
Variable conditions practice |
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Definition
practice in various conditions |
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Term
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Definition
cognitive rehearsal of a skill without moving |
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Term
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Definition
info. received by learner as result of performing task Info. received from tactile, vestibular and visual after doing task. |
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Term
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Definition
feedback provided from outside source (theerapist or mechanical device) knowledge of performance verbal feedback knowledge of results (therapists provision of about the outcome) |
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Term
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Definition
activities which the environment is stable |
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Term
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Definition
tasks with stable predictable environment |
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Term
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Definition
tasks with environment that is in motion and the motion is predictable |
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Term
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Definition
tasks where make adaptive decisions about unpredictable events |
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Term
Neurophysiologic or Traditional Frames of Reference |
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Definition
controlled movement is preceded by sterotypic reflex responses sensory input regulates motor output, sensation necessary for movement to take place Normal movements are governed by hierarchical centralized movement patterns when basic movements are normalized skilled movement follows Reflex model control use of facilitation and inhibition techniques |
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Term
NDT (Bobath Technique) Evaluation procedures |
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Definition
observe malalignments evaluate abnormal tonal patterns pt.s' placing response presence of associated reactions (ie: flexion synergy) postural control (righting, equilibrium reactions, protective responses and weighshifting activities Evaluate abnormal coordination patterns (timing, sequencing of movements and coordination volitional movements |
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Term
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Definition
Handling techniques provide external stability normalize movement patterns facilitate inhibit muscle groups inhibit abnormal patterns of control provide sensory input increase range of motion dissociate body segments normalize tone utilize key points of control inhibition techniques normalization of tone (weightbearing, trunk rotation, scapula mobilization, pelvic alignment & weightshifts, slow and controlled movements, proper positioning) retraining bilateral movement patterns |
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Term
PNF Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation evaluation procedures |
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Definition
developmental sequence proximal to distal respiration, swallowing, voice, oral/facial are evaluated for weakness determine which visual auditory and tactile stimulation reinforces movement head/neck patterns observed DI and D2 extremities are evaluated functional tasks observed Observe (tone, midline alignment, stability, head, neck, trunk patterns, ROM, quality and timing of movements) |
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Term
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Definition
Diagonal patterns are utilized Patterns chosen to remediate missing components flex. ext. major components manual contacts over agonist muscles quick stretching of of direction opposite traction manual separation of joint space and manual compression max. resistance given repeated contractions of agonists are utilized rhythmic initiation is utilized promote reversals of antagonists isometric stabilization of antagonists contract-relax, then passive movement Hold-relax then active movement rhythmic rotation |
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Term
Brunnstrom's movement therapy evaluation procedures |
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Definition
Stage 1 - flaccid, no voluntary/reflexive Stage 2 - minimal voluntary movement, spasticity develops Stage 3-marked spasticity, synergies Stage 4 - movements begin from synergy Stage 5 - movement differ Stage 6 Spasticity absent Stage 7 - normal motor function Move against synergy patterns, flexion and extension for intervention |
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Term
Rood's Approach Evaluation |
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Definition
Distribution of muscle tone clinical obs. of which muscles require inhibition or facilitation determine level of motor control determine therapeutic activity of choise Four phases of motor control Reciprocal inhibition/innervation Co-contraction heavy work Skill |
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Term
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Definition
Normalize tone via sensory stimulation Fast brushing for facilitation Stretch/tendon tapping High Frequency vibration quick icing to stimulate Weightbaring Resistance Inhibition techniques include gentle rocking slow stroking slow rolling tendinous pressure over muscle insertion maintain stretch neutral warmth prolonged icing engagement in functional activities |
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Term
Ashworth Scale assess spasticity |
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Definition
1 - normal tone 5 - severe hypertonus/rigidity |
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Term
Modified Ashworth Scale assess spasticity |
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Definition
0 - no increase in muscle tone 4 - affected part is rigid in flexion or extension |
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Term
Quick Stretch assess spasticity |
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Definition
Minimal rating is given if a CATCH is felt at the end range and severe range is given if CATCH is felt at beginning range |
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Term
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Definition
A response to stimulus is termed POSITIVE No response to stimulus is termed NEGATIVE |
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Term
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Definition
Grasp Flexor w/d Crossed extension ATNR STNR Tonic labrinthine Positive supporting reaction Associated reaction Neck rightin Body righting Optical righting protective extension Equilibrium reactions |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
undershooting (hypometria)or overshooting a target (hypermetria) |
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Term
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Definition
decomposition of smooth movements |
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Term
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Definition
imapired ability to perform rapid alternating movements |
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Term
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Definition
loss of motor control, tremors, dysdiadocho., dyssynergia, and visual nystagmus. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
increased resistance to passive movement |
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Term
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Definition
slowing of movement patterns |
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Term
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Definition
inability to initiate movements |
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Term
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Definition
dyskinetic condition, inadequate time, force, accuracy of movements |
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Term
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Definition
involuntary sustained distorted movement or posture involving contraction of groups of muscles |
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Term
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Definition
involuntary movement of face and extremities spasmodic and short time |
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Term
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Definition
unilateral chorea, forceful movement of proximal muscles |
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Term
Purpose of splints for neuromotor dysfunction |
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Definition
prevent deformity control spasticity prevent contractures correct biomechanical malalignment position hand in functional posture Compensate for weakness to allow intact muscle groups to function provide proximal support support painful joint promote distal mobility enhance function - feeding immobilize joints prevent scarring |
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Term
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Definition
external support prevent motion streching aligning joints resting reducing pain |
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Term
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Definition
increase passive motion assist weak motions substitute for lost motion |
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Term
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Definition
wrist in 10-20 extension to support flaccid writst allows digits to function prevent contracture |
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Term
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Definition
need to have hand in functional position for long periods when developing contractures of long flexors |
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Term
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Definition
may be long or short support thumb in aBduction and opposition functional activities for weakness |
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Term
Inhibitory tone normalizing splints |
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Definition
aBduction splint (finger spreader) positions digits and thumb in aBduction Cone - reduced flexor spasticity Orthokinetic - elastic bandages used for tactile input Spasticity reduction - places digit on submaximal stretch |
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Term
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Definition
overhead suspension sling - w/ muscle grades 1 - 3/5 Balanced forearm - mobilie arm support Shoulder slings Lap boards, arm troughs, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
ROM, strength, tone of lips, cheeks, tongue sensation integrity of teeth Oral control of bolus Swallow reflex (laryngeal elevation, soft palate elevation, pharyngeal peristalsis) Airway protection (gag reflex, cough, vocal fold, reflexive inhibition) Relaxation of esophageal sphincter Primitive reflexes (rooting, jaw jerk, bite reflex, ATNR/STNR) Cranial nerve testing Objective Testing |
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Term
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Definition
Modification Postural interventions Chin tuck, head tilt, head turn Swallowing adaptations Supraglottic swallow technique and Mendlesohn's maneuver Thermal stimulation Reflex facilitation Strengthening, coordination airway adduction procedures positioning |
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Term
Constraint Induced Movement Therapy |
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Definition
wrist ext. 20 and finger ext. 10 or wrist ext. 10, thumb aBd. 10, any two digits ext. 10 or use hand in functional way uses motor learning principles |
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Term
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Definition
ages 4-8 requires certification tactile and vestibular-proprioceptive Form and space and visual motor coordination practic ability bilateral integration and sequencing |
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Term
DeGangi-Berk Test of SI (TSI) |
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Definition
ages 3-5 focus on vestibular function bilateral motor coordination postural control and reflex integration |
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Term
Test of sensory function in Infants |
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Definition
standardized test 1-18 months |
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Term
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Definition
school aged children visual, auditory, tactile, olfactory, gustatory, proprioceptive, vestibular, praxis and social participation |
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