Term
| Characterized by acute confusion and a change in cognition that develop over a short period of time. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name 7 irreversible causes of dementia. |
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Definition
| Alzheimers, Lewy body, Pick dz, Parkinson's, head injury, Huntington, Jacob-Cruzefeld |
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Term
| Name 2 written tests for dementia. |
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Definition
| Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE) and Functional Activities Questionnaire |
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Term
| What is the most common cause of dementia? |
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Definition
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Term
| Inability to perform previously learned tasks. |
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Definition
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Term
| Inability to recognize objects. |
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Definition
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Term
| Pathophysiology of Alzheimer's dz is the diffuse ___ of the cerebral cortex w/ secondary ____ of ventricular system. |
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Definition
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Term
| What does microscopic examination of the brain of a pt w/ Alzheimer's dz reveal? |
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Definition
| Neuritic plaques containing amyloid protein and silver staining neurofibrillary tangles |
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Term
| What syndrome occurs in ~10% of Alzheimer's pts in which they belove a caregiver has been replaced by an imposter? |
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Definition
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Term
| Death usually occurs in Alzheimers pt w/i 3-15yrs and is d/t what? (4) |
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Definition
| Malnutrition, secondary infections, PE, or heart disease. |
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Term
| What does CT scan of the head of an Alzheimer's pt show? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does MRI of the head of an Alzheimer's pt show? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does PET scan of a pt w/ Alzheimer's show? |
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Definition
| Hypoperfusion in the posterior temporal-parietal cortex |
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Term
| What does EEG of a pt w/ Alzheimer's show? |
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Definition
| Normal or nonspecific slowing |
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Term
| Name 6 risk factors for Alzheimer's dz. |
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Definition
| 1)Old age 2)Family hx 3)Low education level 4)Female 5)Head trauma 6)Genetics |
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Term
| What genetic syndrome has a strong correlation with the development of Alzheimer's dz? |
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Definition
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Term
| Alzheimer's pts have decreased levels of what neurotransmitters? |
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Definition
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Term
| What gene on chromosome 19 is found in 40-65% of Alzheimer's pts? |
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Definition
| Apo E gene (late onset cases) |
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Term
| Mutations on what chromosome has an autosomal inheritance and is the MC cause of early onset dz? |
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Definition
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Term
| The most severe pathology of Alzheimer's dz is usually found in what areas of the brain? |
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Definition
| Hippocampus, temporal cortex, and nucleus basalis of Meynert |
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Term
| What meds are used to tx Alzheimer's dz, but has no benefit in late stage dz? |
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Definition
| Cholinesterase inhibitors (Aricept, Razadyne, and Exelone) |
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Term
| What vitamin supplements have ben shown to slow institutionalism and progression to death? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name 2 types of vascular dementia. |
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Definition
| Multi-infarct dementia and diffuse white matter dz |
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Term
| Name 7 risk factors for vascular dementia. |
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Definition
| 1)Old age 2)HTN 3)Smoking 4)A-fib 5)DM 6)Metabolic syndrome 7)Dyslipidemia |
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Term
| What ages does Pick's dz or frontotemporal dementia MC occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the behavioral sx of the early stages of Pick's dz. |
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Definition
| Apathy w/ social withdrawal, disinhibition, binging, food fads, and compulsions |
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Term
| Pathophysiology of Pick's dz included marked atrophy of what? |
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Definition
| Frontal and/or temporal lobes |
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Term
| What is the characteristic finding on microscopy of the brain of a pt w/ Pick's dz? |
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Definition
| Intracellular inclusion (Pick's bodies) |
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Term
| Name 4 characteristics of Lewy body dementia. |
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Definition
| Visual hallucinations, parkinsonism, fluctuating alertness, and falls |
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Term
| Dementia d/t pathologically enlarged ventricular size w/ normal opening pressure on LP. |
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Definition
| Normal-pressure hydrocephalus |
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Term
| What is the triad os sx that occurs in normal pressure hydrocephalus? |
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Definition
| Dementia, ataxia, and urinary incontinence |
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Term
| What is the etiology of normal pressure hydrocephalus? |
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Definition
| Impaired absorption of CSF (SAH, or acute/chronic meningitis) |
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Term
| 30-50% of pts w/ normal-hydrocephalus show improvement w/ what? |
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Definition
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Term
| A rapidly progressive d/o associated w/ prions and dementia, focal cortical signs, rigidity, and myclonus. |
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Definition
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Term
| What does MRI of Jacob-Creutzfeldt dz show? |
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Definition
| Cortical and basal ganglia abnormalities |
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Term
| What is wernicke's encephalopathy related to? |
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Definition
| Thiamine def. seen in alcholics |
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Term
| What do pts w/ Wernicke's encephalopathy present with? |
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Definition
| Ataxia, confusion, and diplopia |
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Term
| Prolonged thiamine def. can lead to irreversible dementia known as what in which the pt is unable to recall new info? |
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Definition
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Term
| Vitamin B12 def. may cause dementia d.t damage to what? |
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Definition
| Cerebral myelinated fibers |
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Term
| Pts w/ delirium d/t chronic CNS infections present w/ what? |
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Definition
| Psychomotor retardation, apathy, and impaired memory |
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Term
| What are later sx of dementia d/t recurrent head trauma? |
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Definition
| Memory loss progresses to full dementia associated w/ Parkinsonian signs |
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Term
| What is AKA pseudodementia and is present in ~25% of elderly? |
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Definition
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