Term
| What influences the density and distribution of urban wildlife? |
|
Definition
| Habitat-Mortality-Humans- Urban Monoculture |
|
|
Term
| In general, how are urban and rural bird communities different? |
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Definition
| Urban birds are in high abundance and are generalists,low # of species, High biomass and density |
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Term
| What are the major components to consider when landscaping for wildlife? |
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Definition
| food, water, cover, space, structural components, plant types, animals and pests |
|
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Term
| In general, what kinds of "problems" are there with wildlife in urban areas? In non-urban areas? |
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Definition
| in urban areas- nuisance, damage, safety, aesthetics, |
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Term
| What are the important components of wildlife nuisance/damage management that need to be considered to deal with it effectively? |
|
Definition
overabundant vs under-abundant
what kind of problem is it?
magnitude of problem?
public acceptability |
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Term
| Know the various methods/techniques used in animal damage management, including examples and limitations. |
|
Definition
| non-lethal ...traping, repellent barriers vs lethal...shooting trapping poison |
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Term
| Why is prevention the key to effective wildlife damage management? |
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Definition
| to prevent any human wildlife encounters |
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|
Term
| Define "harvest" as it should be used in wildlife conservation. |
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Definition
| any removal from the wild |
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Term
| What is the difference between hunting, commercial harvesting, and poaching? |
|
Definition
hunting- legal harvest of wildlife
Commercial-legal killing for sale
Poaching-illegal out for season |
|
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Term
| What roles do hunting and trapping fill as people do it today? |
|
Definition
Consumption of food
economic
recreation
social
ecological mngmnt
financial and political |
|
|
Term
| Why is hunting and trapping so controversial? |
|
Definition
| culture,history,experience,tolerance |
|
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Term
| What do some people feel is wrong with hunting and trapping? |
|
Definition
unnecessary
guns
trophy hunting
unethical way to take a life |
|
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Term
| From the biological and social perspectives how should we deal with hunting and trapping? |
|
Definition
manage it
sustainable mngmet
increase law enforement |
|
|
Term
| How did/do exotic species get to new places? |
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Definition
accidents-mice and wild horses
aesthetics-house sparrow
economic benefit-raccoon dog
sport hunting-chukar partridge
endangerment- whiterhino |
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|
Term
| What are the undesirable features of some exotic species? |
|
Definition
economic damage
competiton |
|
|
Term
| Contrast the success of introduced European starlings and crested mynahs. |
|
Definition
| starlings successful, covered us |
|
|
Term
| What are the characteristics of successful exotic species? |
|
Definition
reproduce fast
generalist
low territoriality |
|
|
Term
| What conditions encourage colonization by exotics? |
|
Definition
abundant resources
similar envrioment
niche vacancies |
|
|
Term
| Why are there “niche vacancies” for exotics? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the story with New Zealand exotics? |
|
Definition
| lost of introduced species,mostly mammals were established |
|
|
Term
| How do successful bird vs. mammal exotics in New Zealand differ? |
|
Definition
mammals-prefer a mix of undistrubedand disturbed habiata
birds prefers the disturbed urban habiats |
|
|
Term
| What are the major problems concerning wildlife conservation worldwide? |
|
Definition
destruction of trop rainforests
desertification
chemicals
loss of habitat
illegal trade |
|
|
Term
| What general factors contribute to international wildlife conservation problems? |
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Definition
| politics,population,economics,greed |
|
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Term
| With respect to international trade of wildlife, what kinds of trade are of concern? Who are the producers and consumers of wildlife in this trade? |
|
Definition
food, exotic species, leather gooos
poor people to rich people |
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|
Term
| What is CITES and it’s Appendices? |
|
Definition
convention on international trade
Appendix 1- endagered species
-need both import and exportpermit
-no commercial trade
Appendix II- Threatened all countri,
need export permit
Appendix III- threatened but not other countries
exporting country regulates exports |
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|
Term
| What is required to delist a species from a CITES listing? |
|
Definition
1. postive evidence that a species can withstand exploitation
2. Well documented population surveys
trend estimates
3.comprhensive trade analysis |
|
|
Term
| What is “blanket-listing”? |
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Definition
| listing of all closely-related species |
|
|
Term
| What are some problems with CITES? |
|
Definition
enforecement
not all nations have signed
appendix II
some trade still occurs
conflicts |
|
|
Term
| How are parks and reserves valuable? |
|
Definition
good for wildlife
preserve habiata
controlledmangment
research oppurtunites
public relations
financial gain |
|
|
Term
| What problems are there in parks and reserves with respect to wildlife? |
|
Definition
loss of genetic inegrity
overpopulation
direct problems
indirect |
|
|
Term
| What kinds of things are restricted in protected areas? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the general guidelines for establishing a park or reserve? |
|
Definition
adequate legal protection
adequateactual protection
atleast 4 sq miles
prohibit expoloitation |
|
|
Term
| What are the priorities or concerns in setting up a protected area? |
|
Definition
utility, endangerment
distinctivness
diversity |
|
|
Term
| In general, what is the abundance of different size protected areas around the world? |
|
Definition
most are between 100-999km^2
most are in canada africa india and us |
|
|
Term
| What is Gap Analysis and how does it help choose sites for protected areas? |
|
Definition
find correlations
suggest potential sites for searches
predict for future |
|
|
Term
| How are biosphere reserves different from national parks? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who should pay the costs of setting up and maintaining biosphere reserves? Why? |
|
Definition
home country
developed countries |
|
|
Term
| What was the main justification for setting up the Sierra de Manantlan Biosphere Reserve? |
|
Definition
| incredibly high biodiversity of its forest mosaics and because it contains the wild ancestor of maize |
|
|
Term
| Why were zoos initially established? |
|
Definition
zoological gardens
entertainment |
|
|
Term
| What have been some problems with zoos in the past? What about today? |
|
Definition
inadequate facilities
poor public perception |
|
|
Term
| How do zoos market themselves today (i.e., what do they want the public to perceive them as)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do zoos contribute to global biodiversity? |
|
Definition
refugia
provide propagules
reinforce nat pops
maintain repositories of sperm and egg
conduct research
educate public |
|
|
Term
| Are most endangered species currently being held in zoos? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do you need to consider when managing captive populations? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do species or populations become endangered? |
|
Definition
habitat destruction
exloitation
eliminationof competingspecies |
|
|
Term
| What specific characteristics make species vulnerable to extinction? |
|
Definition
narrow geo range
specialist
small population
clumped population
low rates of pop increase |
|
|
Term
| Who saves endangered species? |
|
Definition
Fed govts
state govts
private |
|
|
Term
| What are the general criteria for evaluating status of endangered species? |
|
Definition
pop status
vulnerability
recovery potential
species characteristics |
|
|
Term
| What are the approaches to saving endangered species? |
|
Definition
single species approach
ecosystem
umbrella approach |
|
|
Term
| What are the primary and secondary ecological effects of climate change? |
|
Definition
stranding
life stage habitat loss
altered biological events
2nd
increasedstress
successful adaptive migration
opportunistic invasion |
|
|
Term
| How will changes in human adaptation to climate change affect wildlife? |
|
Definition
| human migration, land use conversion new or amplified pollution, noise, water indecedinvasions |
|
|
Term
| What might happen to Peary Caribou in the Arctic? |
|
Definition
| go extinct, b/c of low food abundance with more crusting of snow |
|
|
Term
| What might happen to cold-blooded vertebrates in the tropics? |
|
Definition
| cannot internally regulate body temp |
|
|
Term
Why will the following activities involve policy debates:
Identification of climate-threatened species?
Design of conservation and recovery initiatives? |
|
Definition
| design of conservation and recovery initiatives |
|
|
Term
| Define hunting and trapping |
|
Definition
| legal harvest of wildlife by citizen |
|
|
Term
| Define commercial harvesting |
|
Definition
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