Term
| What occurs 14 days before the beginning of the menstrual perdio? |
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Definition
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Term
What does the umbilical cord contain? |
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Definition
| Two arteries and one vein. |
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Term
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Definition
| It is th Estimated Date of Confinement, or when the mother is due. |
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Term
| Immediately following birth, what happens? |
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Definition
- Fetal circulation changes immediately at birth.
- Due to the pressure change from the first breath, the ductus arteriosus closes, diverting blood to the lungs.
- The ductus venosus also closes stopping blood flow from the placenta.
- The foramen ovale closes as a result of the pressure change in the heart.
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Term
| What is the significance of fundal height in terms of gestation? |
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Definition
The fundal height is the distance from the pubis to the top of the uterine fundus.
Each centimeter of fundal height roughly corresponds to a week of gestation. |
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Term
| How do the vital signs change in a pregnant woman? |
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Definition
| The resting BP lowers and the pulse rate increases. |
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Term
| What is the first stage of labor? |
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Definition
| Begins with onset of uterine contractions and ends with the complete dilation of the cervix. |
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Term
What is the second stage of labor? |
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Definition
It begins with the complete dilation of the cervix and ends with delivery of the fetus.
In Nullparous patients, the second stage last about 50 minutes, while in multiparous it only lasts 20 minutes. |
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Term
| What is the thrid stage of labor? |
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Definition
| It begins with the delivery of the fetus, and ends with the delivery of the placenta - this usually takes 30 minutes. |
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Term
| At what length is the cervix considered to be at complete dilation? |
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Definition
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Term
Define postpartum hemorrhage. |
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Definition
It is the loss of 500 mL or more of blood in the first 24 hours following delivery.
Management of this is High flow oxygen, beginning external fundal massage, two large bore IV's and applying anti shock trousers. |
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Term
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Definition
| It is the attachment of the placenta very low in the uterus, so that it partially or completely covers the opening of the cervical opening. |
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Term
| What are some considerations with a pregnant trauma patient? |
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Definition
- Overt signs of shock are often late and inconsistent.
- The later the pregnancy, the more likely there is injury to the fetus due to the increased size.
- The mother's body will actually shunt blood AWAY from the fetus following acute blood loss.
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Term
| What are the difference between Braxton-Hicks contractions and true labor contractions? |
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Definition
| In true labor contractions, the cervix thins and shortens; while in Braxton-Hicks Contractions (aka false labor contractions) there are no cervical changes. |
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Term
| If the baby presents with thick meconium staining around the mouth and nose, how should you treat thiso? |
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Definition
Intubate and suction the trachea before ventilation.
But in the case of light, watery meconium, simply bulb suction and allow the baby to breath as normal.
The darker and thicker the meconium, the higher the infant mortality rate. Meconium is a sign of fetal distress. |
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Term
| What is cephalopelvic disproportion? |
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Definition
Cephalopelvic Disproportion occurs when the infant's head is too big to pass through the maternal pelvic easily. This usually requires a C-section delivery.
Administer Oxygen, IV access and transport immediately. |
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Term
| What does APGAR Stand For? |
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Definition
| Appearance, Pulse Rate, Grimace, Activity, Respiratory Effort |
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Term
| What is the scale for Appearance in the APGAR score? |
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Definition
- 2 - completely pink
- 1 - Body pink, extremities blue
- 0 - Body and extremities blue, pale
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Term
| What is the scale for Pulse Rate in the APGAR score? |
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Definition
- 2 - >100
- 1 - <100
- 0 - Absent
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Term
| What is the scale for Grimace in the APGAR score? |
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Definition
- 2 - Cough, Cry, sneeze
- 1 - Grimace
- 0 - No response
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Term
| What is the scale for Activity in the APGAR score? |
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Definition
- 2 - Active
- 1 - Some flexion
- 0 - Limp
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Term
| What is the scale for Respirations in the APGAR score? |
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Definition
- 2 - strong cry
- 1 - slow and irregular
- 0 - Absent
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