Term
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Definition
Monosaccharides Disaccharides |
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Definition
Glucose , Fructose, Galactose |
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Definition
Maltose, Lactose, Sucrose |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Oligosaccharides (3-10 units) |
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Definition
Raffinose, Stachyoses, Verbascose |
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Term
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Definition
Starch (a1-4), Glycogen, Cellulose (b1-4) |
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Enzymes only digest ___ form of saccharides. |
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Definition
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Definition
Amalose a1-4, Amalopectin, a1-4, 1-6 |
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Term
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Definition
Mouth: a-amalyase ==> Dextrin. Stomach :Nothing. SI: Pancreatic a-amalyase ==>Maltose. Brush Border: Maltase ==>Glucose |
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Term
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Definition
Mouth: a-amalyase ==> Dextrin. Stomach :Nothing. SI: Pancreatic a-amalyase ==>Maltose+Limited Dextrins (isomaltose). Brush Border: Maltase+a-dextrinase ==>Glucose |
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Glut can be ___ or ___ diffusion |
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Definition
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Definition
ACTIVE- into cell of glucose and Galactose |
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Definition
Erthrocytes, bloood brain barrier, placenta, fetal tissue |
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Definition
Liver, pancreatice b cells, kidney, SI Low affinity TRANSPORTER |
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Definition
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Definition
Insulin Regulated, Muscle and Adipose |
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Term
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Definition
for FRUCTOSE, intestine, testis,kidney |
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Term
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Definition
increase in blood glucose in 2 hr period |
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Term
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Definition
GI x g of CHO in 1 serving |
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Term
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Definition
Stimulates uptake of Glucose, FFA, and AA. Storage of CHO, Lipids, and protein. Increases synthesis of Glyocogen, lipids, and protein. Inhibits: breakdown of glycogen, lipids, and protein. |
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Term
Insulin/IGF1 receptors stimulate a tyrosine kinase that phosphorylates -OH of Tyr. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Glycogen cleaved by GLYCOGEN PHOSPHORYLASE and becomes Glucose 1-P. PHOSPHOGLUCOMUTASE converts G1P to G6P which can undergo glycolysis or IF ONLY IN THE LIVER , gluconeogenisis |
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Term
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Definition
GLucose interacts with Hexokinase(muscle)/GLucokinase(liver) and gets dephosporylated to G6P (for either glycolysis or Glycogenosis). PHOSPHOGLUCOMUTASE converts G6P to G1P. UTP activates G1P to UDP Glucose. Glycogenin primer makes GLYCOGEN. |
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G6P can enter G1P can enter |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
uses non CHO sources. LACTATE USED |
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Term
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Definition
Pentose Phosphates, Reduced consubstrate NADPH (2) |
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Term
In Glycolysis, G6P gets converted to FRuctose 6 Phosphate. _______ enzyme converts that into Fructose 1,6 bisphosphate |
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Definition
PFK1 - Phospho Fructo Kinase 1 |
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Term
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Definition
Converts G6P to GLucose ONLY IN LIVER |
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Term
Fructose metabolized mainly by the |
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Definition
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Term
Fructose undergoes Hexokinase to make |
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Definition
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Term
Fructose also undergoes Phosphorylation into Fructose 1 -phosphate which is converted by |
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Definition
FRUCTOSE 1 PHOSPHATE ALDOLASE which feeds to make Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. |
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Term
Fructose Intolerance effects |
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Definition
F1P ALDOLASE. Short term effects due to F1P buildup is ATP used up. Glycogenolysis is ATTENUATED. Long term effects due to F1P buildup==> fatty liver, hypolipidemia. |
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Term
NON CHO sources for Gluconeogenisis |
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Definition
From Adipose-Glycerol From RBC-Lactate (from Cori Cycle) Muscle-Lactate and Alanine (NO G6P-ASE) |
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Term
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Definition
GLucose ==> G6P==>Gluconeogenesis or Glycolysis or PPP which generates 2 NADPH ==> generates fatty acids and nucleotides |
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Term
Reducing NADPH Equivalents: Adrenal Liver Testes Adipose Ovary Mammary RBC |
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Definition
Steroid Fatty Acid and Cholesterol Steroid Fatty acid Steroid Fatty Acid Glutathione Maintaince |
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Term
TCA Cycle (90% of Energy) |
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Definition
Oxidative Phosphorylation Glycolysis Pathway Intermediates: Citrate from Oxalo+Acetyl CoA |
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Term
Acetyl CoA Formation from |
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Definition
Glycolysis, Fatty Acids, Amino Acids |
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Term
Pyruvate ==> __________==> Acetyl CoA |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Gluconeogensis, Glycogenolysis, Glycogenosis, Fat Creation, PPP, GLUT2 |
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Definition
Glycogenosis, PPP, Fat Creation/Storage, GLUT4 |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
Glycogenolysis, Glycogenosis, Alanine/Lactate, |
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Definition
In liver: 2 Lactate==>2Pyruvate==>Glucose via gluconeogensis. In RBC: Glucose==>2 Lactate via Glycolysis |
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Definition
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4 Mechanisms of Regulation of Metabolism |
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Definition
+/- moldulation of allosteric enzymes, Hormonal ACtivation by cobalent modification/induction, Reaction directional shifts, Translocation of enzymes within Cells (FOXO) |
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Term
Allosteric Enzyme Modulation |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Shift from inactive to active form os Phosphorylase B in Glycogenolysis and Stimulates PFK1 is Glycolysis |
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Glucagon and Epinephrine Regulates |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Glycolysis: from Fructose 6 Phosphate to Fructose 1,6, bisphosphate |
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Definition
+AMP, + F2BP, - Citrate, -ATP |
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Term
Gluconeogensis: from Fructose 6 Phosphate to Fructose 1,6, bisphosphate |
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Definition
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Term
Insulin Regulation: GSK3.... |
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Definition
Phosphorylated by AKT to increase glycogen synthesis , freeing GS |
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Term
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Definition
AKT phosphorylates FOXO1 making it inactive to gluconeogensis |
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Term
G6P-ase distruped so G6P.... |
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Definition
accumulates. Glucose gets converted to G6p leading to HYPOGLYCEMIA, G6P forced to make F6P==>PYRUVATE==>Alanine and Triglycerides /cholesterol = Hyperalaninemia/lipidemia |
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