Term
|
Definition
are the subunits of nucleic acids, each nuceotide has 3 parts: - ribose (a sugar) - 3 phosphates (attached to ribose) - nitrogenous base attached to ribose |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is actually a double stranted polymer, with the two strands held together by hydrogen bonds between the complementary bases of the two strands. the two estrands for a helix, so the DNA is a double helix. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| it is a sequence of bases complementary to the sequence of a single gene in the DNA. There are 3 major types of RNA, all of them have roles in protein synthesis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is called DNA replication and only occurs during S phase. the DNA is stable. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a special enzyme (telomerase) is required to replicate the telomere (end of the chromosomes gradually shorten with each. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is called transcription, and occurs in the nucleus throughout interphase. the enzyme is an RNA polymerase |
|
|
Term
| types of RNA: ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) |
|
Definition
| ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) make up about 50% of the ribosome, a large complex of proteins and rRNAs which is resposible for directing protein synthesis and making covalent peptide bonds |
|
|
Term
| type of RNA transfer RNAs (tRNA) |
|
Definition
deliver the amino acids for protein synthesis. * one binds the correct amino acid * second matches up with the corret codon. the anticodon of the tRNA is a three base sequence that base pairs with the codon. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| deals with the inheritance of genes and chromosomes from one's parents. Most of the genetic problems involve mRNA genes, since problem with rRNA or tRNA genes would be fatal at conception |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Most mRNAs and their proteins are polymorphic (several different forms: this variation is good, since different forms of the protein may function better in different environments. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
various forms of one gene are called alleles. the ABO blood group represents three alleles of a single gene. there are A, B and O alleles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in one individual, if both copies of a gene are the same, they are said to be homozygous, for the alleles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| if the 2 copies are different alleles, then the person is heterozygous |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the alleles you inherit are your genotype, which determines your anatomy and physiology (your phenotype |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
sometimes one allele may produce a form of the protein which may not work correctly ( or not at all) and have a niceable affect on the cell and the organism. these are called genetic disease |
|
|
