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NUR112 Test 5 Diabetes
Nursing 112 - Antidiabetic Medicines
46
Medical
Undergraduate 2
04/01/2009

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Term
Incretin Modifiers (Dipeptidyl Peptidase Inhibitors:
Definition
Sitagliptin (Januvia)
Term
Incretin Modifiers (Dipeptidyl Peptidase Inhibitors:
Sitagliptin (Januvia)
Definition
↑ insulin release
↑ β cell responsiveness
↓ hepatic glucose production
Slows gastric emptying
Term
Incretin Modifiers (Dipeptidyl Peptidase Inhibitors:
Sitagliptin (Januvia)
Definition
GI distress, wt loss, headache, dizziness, jitteriness
Term
Incretin Modifiers (Dipeptidyl Peptidase Inhibitors:
Sitagliptin (Januvia)
Definition
Subcu injection only.
Give with first bite of each meal.
Term
Amylin Analog:
Definition
Pramlintide (Symlin)
Term
Amylin Analog:
Pramlintide (Symlin)
Definition
↓ glucagon secretion for approx 3 hrs
Slows gastric emptying
↓ appetite by ↑ satiety
Term
Amylin Analog:
Pramlintide (Symlin)
Definition
GI distress, headache, anorexia, fatigue, dizziness
Term
Amylin Analog:
Pramlintide (Symlin)
Definition
Subcu injection only in abdomen or thigh.
Never give in arm.
Term
Sulfonylureas:
First-Generation
Definition
Tolbutamide (Orinase)
Tolazamide (Tolinase)
Chlorpropamide (Diabinese)
Acetohexamide (Dymelor)
Term
Sulfonylureas:
Second Generation
Definition
Glipizide (Glucotrol, Glucotrol XL)
Glyburide (DiaBeta, Glynase, Micronase)
Glimepiride (Amaryl)
Term
Sulfonylureas
Definition
Stimulate insulin release from β cells
Term
Sulfonylureas
Definition
GI distress, nervousness, tremors, confusion, aplastic anemia, leucopenia, thrombocytopenia
Term
Sulfonylureas:
Definition
Less risk of prolonged hypoglycemia as duration of action is short
Term
Sulfonylureas:
Definition
Drinking alcohol concurrently may cause hypoglycemia & disulfiram-like reaction (facial flushing, sweating, ↑ P, HA, dyspnea lasting up to 24 hrs).
Term
Sulfonylureas:
Definition
Second generations lower glucose levels with smaller doses, have less drug interactions and longer duration of action
Term
Sulfonylureas:
Definition
Given 30 min a.c. breakfast and evening meal.
Monitor CBC.
Term
Biguanides:
Definition
Metformin (Glucophage)
Term
Biguanides:
Metformin (Glucophage)
Definition
↓ hepatic production of glucose from stored glycogen
Term
Biguanides:
Metformin (Glucophage)
Definition
Enhances insulin sensitivity at tissues
Term
Biguanides:
Metformin (Glucophage)
Definition
Improves glucose transport into cells
Term
Biguanides:
Metformin (Glucophage)
Definition
↓ absorption of glucose from small intestine
Term
Biguanides:
Metformin (Glucophage)
Definition
GI distress, anorexia, gas, abdominal pain, HA, dizziness, agitation, fatigue.
Term
Biguanides:
Metformin (Glucophage)
Definition
Bitter or metallic taste (will subside).
Term
Biguanides:
Metformin (Glucophage)
Definition
Hold metformin 48 hrs before or after diagnostic studies in which iodinated contrast dye is used .
Term
Biguanides:
Metformin (Glucophage)
Definition
Give with meals to ↓ GI effects.
Term
Biguanides:
Metformin (Glucophage)
Definition
Monitor CBC, renal & hepatic function tests periodically.
Term
Biguanides:
Metformin (Glucophage)
Definition
Contraindicated in renal insufficiency.
Term
Biguanides:
Metformin (Glucophage)
Definition
Avoid alcohol to ↓ risk of lactic acidosis.
Term
Meglitinides:
Definition
Repaglinide (Prandin)
Neteglinide (Starlix)
Term
Meglitinides:
Repaglinide (Prandin)
Neteglinide (Starlix)
Definition
↑ insulin release from pancreas
Term
Meglitinides:
Repaglinide (Prandin)
Neteglinide (Starlix)
Definition
GI distress, rhinitis, bronchitis, HA, arthralgia, back pain, paresthesia
Term
Meglitinides:
Repaglinide (Prandin)
Neteglinide (Starlix)
Definition
Given 30 min a.c.
Contraindicated in liver dysfunction.
Term
Thiazolidinediones:
Definition
Pioglitazone (Actos)
Rosiglitazone (Avandia)
Term
Thiazolidinediones:
Pioglitazone (Actos)
Rosiglitazone (Avandia)
Definition
↑ insulin sensitivity, transport, & utilization at target tissues
Term
Thiazolidinediones:
Pioglitazone (Actos)
Rosiglitazone (Avandia)
Definition
↓ insulin resistance
Term
Thiazolidinediones:
Pioglitazone (Actos)
Rosiglitazone (Avandia)
Definition
HA, pain, myalgia, infections, fatigue, rhinitis, URIs, liver dysfunction, fluid retention and edema, wt gain
Term
Thiazolidinediones:
Pioglitazone (Actos)
Rosiglitazone (Avandia)
Definition
Avoid if patient in heart failure.
Term
Thiazolidinediones:
Pioglitazone (Actos)
Rosiglitazone (Avandia)
Definition
Monitor liver enzymes.
Term
Thiazolidinediones:
Pioglitazone (Actos)
Rosiglitazone (Avandia)
Definition
Reduces effectiveness of oral contraceptives (consider higher dose or alternative contraception)
Term
α-Glucosidase Inhibitors:
Definition
Acarbose (Precose)
Miglitol (Glyset)
Term
α-Glucosidase Inhibitors:
Acarbose (Precose)
Miglitol (Glyset)
Definition
Slows digestion of CHO in small intestine
Term
α-Glucosidase Inhibitors:
Acarbose (Precose)
Miglitol (Glyset)
Definition
GI distress, gas, abdominal pain, weakness, dizziness, drowsy, HA, anemia, wt loss, ↑ liver function levels
Term
α-Glucosidase Inhibitors:
Acarbose (Precose)
Miglitol (Glyset)
Definition
Use with caution with hepatic dysfunction. Monitor H&H, CBC, liver function tests.
Term
α-Glucosidase Inhibitors:
Acarbose (Precose)
Miglitol (Glyset)
Definition
Digoxin levels are lowered when concurrent.
Term
α-Glucosidase Inhibitors:
Acarbose (Precose)
Miglitol (Glyset)
Definition
Take at first bite with each meal.
Term
α-Glucosidase Inhibitors:
Acarbose (Precose)
Miglitol (Glyset)
Definition
Does not cause hypoglycemia.
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