Shared Flashcard Set

Details

NURS 50 Final
Male & Female G.U. assessment and Pediatric & Frail Elderly
92
Health Care
Undergraduate 2
12/14/2007

Additional Health Care Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Function of Mons Pubis
Definition
Absorbs force and protects the symphysis pubis during coitus
Term

What are the Labia Majora composed of?

Definition
Adipose tissue, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands
Term
Three parts of the clitoris
Definition

Glans, corpus, and crura

Term
Skene's glands are located where?
Definition

on either side of the urethral opening.

(a.k.a. lesser vestibular glands)

Term
Purpose of skene's glands
Definition
secrete mucus that lubricates and maintains moist vaginal environment
Term
Where are Bartholin's glands located?
Definition

on either side of and slightly posterior to the vaginal orifice

(a.k.a Greater vestibular glands)

Term
Purpose of Bartholin's Glands?
Definition
Secrete mucus which lubricates during sexual intercourse
Term
Approximate length of the vagina
Definition
10 cm
Term
Functions of the Vagina
Definition

-allows passage of menstrual flow

-receives penis during intercourse

-lower portion of the birth canal during delivery

Term
Four layers of the Vagina
Definition

1. Outer layer (squamous epithelium & connective tissue)

2. Submucosal layer

3. Smooth muscle

4. connective tissue and vascular network

Term
Description of outer layer of vagina
Definition

-under direct influence of estrogen

-contains many mucus-producing cells

-lies in transvers folds called rugae

Term
Function of rugae in outer layer of vagina
Definition
allow vagina to expand during intercourse and facilitate vaginal delivery of a fetus
Term

Description of submucosal layer of vagina

Definition
contains blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic channels
Term
Purpose of the cervix
Definition
separates upper end of vagina wfrom isthmus of uterus
Term

what does it mean if a woman is NULLIPAROUS?

and if she is, what may you find upon examination?

Definition

-means she has never had a child

-in terms of the external os, you'll find a small, round opening that appears as a depression

Term
external os vs. internal os
Definition

-external os is the junction of the cervix and vagina

-internal os is the junction of the cervix and the isthmus of the uterus

Term
what is the cervix made of?
Definition
smooth muscle, muscle fibers, and connective tissue
Term
what is the squamocolumnar junction?
Definition
point in the cervix where the squamous epithelium of the external os meets the columnar epithelium
Term
Function of the cervix
Definition

-allows the entrance of sperm into the uterus

-allows the passage of menstrual flow

-seretes mucus

-prevents the entrance of vaginal bacteria

-during childbirth, stretches to allow passage of the fetus

Term
what types of cells are analyzed in a pap smear?
Definition
cervical cells
Term

Parts of the Corpus of the Uterus

Definition

-fundus (upper portion)

-body

-isthmus (lower portion)

Term

Size of a normal uterus

Definition
-7.5 cm long, 5 cm wide, and 2.5 cm thick
Term
Layers of the uterine wall
Definition

-endometrium (inner mucosal layer)

-myometrium

-peritoneum

Term
Function of endometrium
Definition

-contain uterine glands which secrete and alkaline supstance that keeps uterine cavity moist

-sheds during menses and childbirth

Term
function of myometrium
Definition
expels the products of conception
Term
functions of peritonuem
Definition
covers the uterus and separates it from the abdominal cavity
Term
function of ovaries
Definition

-develop and release ova

-produce estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone

Term
what is the adnexa?
Definition
-ovaries, fallopian tubes, and supporting ovarian ligaments
Term
Describe a typical Menstraul Cycle
Definition

-happens every 18-45 days

-lasts 3-7 days

-average age of first period in U.S. is 12.5 years, at 106 lb

-occurs earlier in developed countries

-earlier onset in shorter, fatter girls

Term
When does menopause typically occur?
Definition
between the ages of 40-58
Term

Definition of infertility

Definition

unprotected sex for 1 year without pregnancy

-35% is related to female infertility factors

Term
What is pediculosis pubis?
Definition

Lice at the base of the pubic hair that indicates infestation

(a.k.a "crabs")

Term
what is Chadwick's Sign?
Definition
the blue appearance of the cervix found in pregnant women
Term

When are the use of graves and pederson speculums recommended?

Definition

-graves are appropriate for most adult women

-pederson are appropriate for virgins and postmenopausal women with narrow vaginal orifice

Term
What is cervical eversion?
Definition

(Normal finding)

columnar epithelium from within the endocervical canal is everted andappears as a deep red, rough ring around the cervical os

Term
What are Nabothian cysts?
Definition

small, yellow, translucent nodules on cervical surface

-may occue with squamous metaplasia

Term
What is a cystocele?
Definition

a bulging of the anterior vaginal wall caused by thickening of the pelvic musculature

-bladder prolapses into the vagina

Term
What is a rectocele?
Definition

-bulging of the posterior vaginal wall caused by weakending of the pelvic musculature

-part of the rectum portrudes into the vagina

Term
What is a uterine Prolapse?
Definition
uterus protrudes into the vagina
Term
Different degrees of uterine prolapse
Definition

-1st degree: cervix is seen at vaginal opening

-2nd degree: uterus bulges outside vaginal opening

-3rd degree: uterus bulges completely out of vagina

Term
what is mucopurulent cervicitis?
Definition

a mucopurulent yellowish discharge from the external os.

*usually indicates chlamydia or gonorrhea*

Term
What is DES?
Definition

-a drug used more than 50 years ago to prevent spontaneous abortion and miscarriage

-found to be a teratogen

-causes cervical abnormalities

Term

Findings for Trichomonos Vaginitis

Definition

-yellow-green frothy, foul-smelling discharge

-labia may appear red and swollen

=vaginal walls may be red, rough, and covered with petechiae

-pH will be > 4.5

 

-causes itching and urinary frequency

 

Term
Findings for Atrophic Vaginitis?
Definition

-occurs after menopause when estrogen is low

-discharge may be blood tinged

-vaginal mucosa is typicaly pale, dry, and contains areas of abrasion that bleed easily

 

-causes itching, burning, dryness, and painful urination

Term
What is Candidal Vaginitis?
Definition

infection caused by overgrowth of yeast in the vagina

 

-causes cottage cheese-like discharge

-intense itching and discomfort

-pH of vaginal secretions will be < 4.5

Term

Findings for Bacterial Vaginosis

Definition

-cause unknown

-thin, gray-white discharge with fishy smell

-pH > 4.5

Term
Causes of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
Definition
-infection of the fallopian tubes w/ an STD
Term
Structures of the Penis
Definition

-2 cylindrical corpora cavernosa on dorsal side

-1 cylindrical corpus spongiosum on the ventral side

Term
Function of Scrotum
Definition

-protective covering for the testes, epididymis, and vas deferens

-helps maintain cooler-than-body temp necessary for production of sperm

Term
what is the Tunica Vaginalis?
Definition

serous membrane covering each testis which separates the testis from the scrotal wall

 

-is double-layered and lubricated to protect testis from injury

Term
Function of the Testis
Definition

-produce spermatozoa and testosterone

 

Term
function of Vas Deferens
Definition
transports spermatozoa away from testis to uerethra for ejaculation
Term
What is a hernia?
Definition
protrusion of loops of bowel through weak areas of the musculature
Term
where is the inguinal area located?
Definition
between the anterior superior iliac spine laterally and the symphysis pubis medially
Term
What is phimosis?
Definition
a tight froeskin that can't be retracted
Term

paraphimosis

Definition

a forskin that once retracted that can't be returned to cover the glans

Term
What is hypospadias?
Definition
displacement of the urinary meatus to the ventral surface of the penis
Term
what is Epispadias?
Definition
displacement of the urinary meatus to dorsal surface of the penis
Term
what is cryptorchidism?
Definition
an undescended testicle
Term
What is prehn's sign?
Definition

-when elevation of the testes relieves scrotal pain

-seen when patient has epididymitis

Term
What is orchitis?
Definition
inflammation of the testes
Term
What is varicocele?
Definition
abnormal dilation of veins in spermatic cord
Term
What is an indirect inguinal hernia?
Definition

bowel herniates through internal inguinal ring and remains in the inguinal canal or travels down to into the hernia

*MOST COMMON*

Term
What is a direct inguinal hernia?
Definition

bowel herniates from behind and through the external inguinal ring

-most common in adult men over 40

Term
What is a femoral hernia?
Definition

bowel herniates through the femoral ring and canal

-occurs mostly in women

*LEAST COMMON*

Term
Function of the prostate
Definition

-secretes a thin, milkey substance that promotes sperm motility

-neutralizes female acidic vaginal secretions

Term
Findings for a pilonidal cyst
Definition
-reddened, swollen, dimpled scariciccygeal area covered by a small tuftof hair located midline on the lower sacrum
Term
what is a rectal shelf?
Definition

a peritoneal protrusion into the rectum

 

-may indicate a cancerous lesion or peritonal metastasis

Term

What is vernix caseosa?

(newborns & infants)

Definition

a thick, cheesy, white substance that appears on the baby's skin

-especially prevalent in skin folds

 

-normal, usually absorbs into the skin

Term

What is plagiocephaly?

(newborns & infants)

Definition
assymetrical skull caused by molding as baby passes through birth canal
Term

Components of the umbilicus

(newborn and infant)

Definition

-amniotic portion (covered w/gel-like substance that dries up and falls off within 2 weeks)

-cutaneous portion (covered w/skin and draws back)

Term

Ortolanis test and Barlow's sign is used to test what?

(newborns and infants)

Definition

dislocation and/or ease of movement of hips

-positive test shows clicking along with feeling head of femur slip in/out of hip

Term

What does it mean to have rudimentary sensation?

(infants and newborns)

Definition

any stimulus must be strong to cause a reaction

-response is not localized (reaction elicits whole-body movements)

Term

What is the Denver Developmental Test?

(newborns & infants)

Definition

assesses apporpriate developmental milestones for child's

-gross motor

-language

-fine motor

-personal social development

Term

when does the sensorimotor (piaget) stage occur and what happens during it?

(newborn & infants)

Definition

-brith-18 months

*development of intellect and knowledge of the environment gained through the senses

-go from reflexive activity to purposeful acts

-success brings a sense of object permanence

Term

what is erikson's first stage of psychosocial development?

(newborns & infants)

Definition

(birth-1 year)

-trust vs. mistrust

Term

what is Freud's first stage of psychosexual development?

(newborns & infants)

Definition

-oral stage (birth-18 months)

-erogenous zone= mouth

-sexual activity= sucking, swallowing, chewing and biting

Term

What is an Apgar score and when should it be assessed?

(newborn & infants)

Definition

-an assessment of infant's ability to adapt to extrauterine life

-heart rate, respiratory rate, reflex irritability, muscle tone, color

 

*should be taken at 1 and 5 minutes after delivery

Term

What is the Tonic neck reflex and when does it appear?

(newborns and infants)

Definition

-turn baby's head to the side with jaw at shoulder

-extremities on same size extend, extremities on opposite side flex

 

-appear a 2months

-disappears 2-4 months later

Term

What is craniosynostosis?

(newborns & infants)

Definition

premature closing of sutures

 

-may lead to caput succedaneum (edema from trauma) or cephalohematoma (bleeding into periosteal space)

Term

What is Hypertelorism?

(newborns & infants)

Definition
-wide-set position of eyes, upward slant, and thick epicanthal folds suggestive of Down's syndrome
Term
miosis
Definition
pupillary constriction
Term
mydriasis
Definition
pupillary dilation
Term

What is diastasis recti?

(newborns & infants)

Definition

separation of the abdominal muscles

-midline protrustion from the xiphoid to the umbilicus or symphysis pubis

Term

What is metatarsus varus?

(newborn & infant)

Definition
an inversion an adduction of the forefoot
Term

what is talipes equinovarus?

(newborn & infant)

Definition

"club foot"

-foot is fixed in adduction of forefoot, inversion of entire foot and equinus (pointing downward)

Term

What is gynecomastia?

(children & adolescents)

Definition
enlargement of breast tissue in boys
Term

What is thelarche?

(children and adolescents)

Definition

breast development in females

-first sign of puberty

Term

What influences bone growth?

(children and adolescents)

Definition

HORMONES

-pituitary and thyroid

Term

examples of SOFT SIGNS

(children & adolescents)

Definition

-short attention span

-poor coordination of position

-hypoactivity

-impulsiveness

-labile emotions

-distractability

-no demonstration of handedness

-language &articulation problems

-learning problems

Term
define frail elderly
Definition

-people age 85 and older

-poorer health

-more chronic disabilities

-function less independently

Term

what does SPICES stand for?

(frail elderly)

Definition

-Sleep disorders

-problems eating

-incontinence

-confusion

-evidence of fall/slips

-skin breakdown

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