Term
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Definition
Absorbs force and protects the symphysis pubis during coitus |
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Term
What are the Labia Majora composed of? |
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Definition
Adipose tissue, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands |
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Term
Three parts of the clitoris |
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Definition
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Term
Skene's glands are located where? |
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Definition
on either side of the urethral opening. (a.k.a. lesser vestibular glands) |
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Term
Purpose of skene's glands |
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Definition
secrete mucus that lubricates and maintains moist vaginal environment |
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Term
Where are Bartholin's glands located? |
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Definition
on either side of and slightly posterior to the vaginal orifice (a.k.a Greater vestibular glands) |
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Term
Purpose of Bartholin's Glands? |
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Definition
Secrete mucus which lubricates during sexual intercourse |
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Term
Approximate length of the vagina |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-allows passage of menstrual flow -receives penis during intercourse -lower portion of the birth canal during delivery |
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Term
Four layers of the Vagina |
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Definition
1. Outer layer (squamous epithelium & connective tissue) 2. Submucosal layer 3. Smooth muscle 4. connective tissue and vascular network |
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Term
Description of outer layer of vagina |
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Definition
-under direct influence of estrogen -contains many mucus-producing cells -lies in transvers folds called rugae |
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Term
Function of rugae in outer layer of vagina |
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Definition
allow vagina to expand during intercourse and facilitate vaginal delivery of a fetus |
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Term
Description of submucosal layer of vagina |
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Definition
contains blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic channels |
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Term
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Definition
separates upper end of vagina wfrom isthmus of uterus |
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Term
what does it mean if a woman is NULLIPAROUS? and if she is, what may you find upon examination? |
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Definition
-means she has never had a child -in terms of the external os, you'll find a small, round opening that appears as a depression |
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Term
external os vs. internal os |
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Definition
-external os is the junction of the cervix and vagina -internal os is the junction of the cervix and the isthmus of the uterus |
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Term
what is the cervix made of? |
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Definition
smooth muscle, muscle fibers, and connective tissue |
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Term
what is the squamocolumnar junction? |
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Definition
point in the cervix where the squamous epithelium of the external os meets the columnar epithelium |
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Term
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Definition
-allows the entrance of sperm into the uterus -allows the passage of menstrual flow -seretes mucus -prevents the entrance of vaginal bacteria -during childbirth, stretches to allow passage of the fetus |
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Term
what types of cells are analyzed in a pap smear? |
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Definition
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Term
Parts of the Corpus of the Uterus |
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Definition
-fundus (upper portion) -body -isthmus (lower portion) |
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Term
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Definition
-7.5 cm long, 5 cm wide, and 2.5 cm thick |
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Term
Layers of the uterine wall |
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Definition
-endometrium (inner mucosal layer) -myometrium -peritoneum |
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Term
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Definition
-contain uterine glands which secrete and alkaline supstance that keeps uterine cavity moist -sheds during menses and childbirth |
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Term
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Definition
expels the products of conception |
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Term
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Definition
covers the uterus and separates it from the abdominal cavity |
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Term
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Definition
-develop and release ova -produce estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone |
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Term
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Definition
-ovaries, fallopian tubes, and supporting ovarian ligaments |
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Term
Describe a typical Menstraul Cycle |
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Definition
-happens every 18-45 days -lasts 3-7 days -average age of first period in U.S. is 12.5 years, at 106 lb -occurs earlier in developed countries -earlier onset in shorter, fatter girls |
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Term
When does menopause typically occur? |
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Definition
between the ages of 40-58 |
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Term
Definition of infertility |
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Definition
unprotected sex for 1 year without pregnancy -35% is related to female infertility factors |
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Term
What is pediculosis pubis? |
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Definition
Lice at the base of the pubic hair that indicates infestation (a.k.a "crabs") |
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Term
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Definition
the blue appearance of the cervix found in pregnant women |
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Term
When are the use of graves and pederson speculums recommended? |
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Definition
-graves are appropriate for most adult women -pederson are appropriate for virgins and postmenopausal women with narrow vaginal orifice |
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Term
What is cervical eversion? |
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Definition
(Normal finding) columnar epithelium from within the endocervical canal is everted andappears as a deep red, rough ring around the cervical os |
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Term
What are Nabothian cysts? |
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Definition
small, yellow, translucent nodules on cervical surface -may occue with squamous metaplasia |
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Term
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Definition
a bulging of the anterior vaginal wall caused by thickening of the pelvic musculature -bladder prolapses into the vagina |
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Term
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Definition
-bulging of the posterior vaginal wall caused by weakending of the pelvic musculature -part of the rectum portrudes into the vagina |
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Term
What is a uterine Prolapse? |
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Definition
uterus protrudes into the vagina |
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Term
Different degrees of uterine prolapse |
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Definition
-1st degree: cervix is seen at vaginal opening -2nd degree: uterus bulges outside vaginal opening -3rd degree: uterus bulges completely out of vagina |
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Term
what is mucopurulent cervicitis? |
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Definition
a mucopurulent yellowish discharge from the external os. *usually indicates chlamydia or gonorrhea* |
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Term
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Definition
-a drug used more than 50 years ago to prevent spontaneous abortion and miscarriage -found to be a teratogen -causes cervical abnormalities |
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Term
Findings for Trichomonos Vaginitis |
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Definition
-yellow-green frothy, foul-smelling discharge -labia may appear red and swollen =vaginal walls may be red, rough, and covered with petechiae -pH will be > 4.5 -causes itching and urinary frequency |
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Term
Findings for Atrophic Vaginitis? |
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Definition
-occurs after menopause when estrogen is low -discharge may be blood tinged -vaginal mucosa is typicaly pale, dry, and contains areas of abrasion that bleed easily -causes itching, burning, dryness, and painful urination |
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Term
What is Candidal Vaginitis? |
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Definition
infection caused by overgrowth of yeast in the vagina -causes cottage cheese-like discharge -intense itching and discomfort -pH of vaginal secretions will be < 4.5 |
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Term
Findings for Bacterial Vaginosis |
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Definition
-cause unknown -thin, gray-white discharge with fishy smell -pH > 4.5 |
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Term
Causes of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) |
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Definition
-infection of the fallopian tubes w/ an STD |
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Term
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Definition
-2 cylindrical corpora cavernosa on dorsal side -1 cylindrical corpus spongiosum on the ventral side |
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Term
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Definition
-protective covering for the testes, epididymis, and vas deferens -helps maintain cooler-than-body temp necessary for production of sperm |
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Term
what is the Tunica Vaginalis? |
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Definition
serous membrane covering each testis which separates the testis from the scrotal wall -is double-layered and lubricated to protect testis from injury |
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Term
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Definition
-produce spermatozoa and testosterone |
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Term
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Definition
transports spermatozoa away from testis to uerethra for ejaculation |
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Term
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Definition
protrusion of loops of bowel through weak areas of the musculature |
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Term
where is the inguinal area located? |
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Definition
between the anterior superior iliac spine laterally and the symphysis pubis medially |
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Term
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Definition
a tight froeskin that can't be retracted |
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Term
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Definition
a forskin that once retracted that can't be returned to cover the glans |
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Term
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Definition
displacement of the urinary meatus to the ventral surface of the penis |
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Term
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Definition
displacement of the urinary meatus to dorsal surface of the penis |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-when elevation of the testes relieves scrotal pain -seen when patient has epididymitis |
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Term
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Definition
inflammation of the testes |
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Term
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Definition
abnormal dilation of veins in spermatic cord |
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Term
What is an indirect inguinal hernia? |
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Definition
bowel herniates through internal inguinal ring and remains in the inguinal canal or travels down to into the hernia *MOST COMMON* |
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Term
What is a direct inguinal hernia? |
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Definition
bowel herniates from behind and through the external inguinal ring -most common in adult men over 40 |
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Term
What is a femoral hernia? |
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Definition
bowel herniates through the femoral ring and canal -occurs mostly in women *LEAST COMMON* |
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Term
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Definition
-secretes a thin, milkey substance that promotes sperm motility -neutralizes female acidic vaginal secretions |
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Term
Findings for a pilonidal cyst |
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Definition
-reddened, swollen, dimpled scariciccygeal area covered by a small tuftof hair located midline on the lower sacrum |
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Term
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Definition
a peritoneal protrusion into the rectum -may indicate a cancerous lesion or peritonal metastasis |
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Term
What is vernix caseosa? (newborns & infants) |
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Definition
a thick, cheesy, white substance that appears on the baby's skin -especially prevalent in skin folds -normal, usually absorbs into the skin |
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Term
What is plagiocephaly? (newborns & infants) |
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Definition
assymetrical skull caused by molding as baby passes through birth canal |
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Term
Components of the umbilicus (newborn and infant) |
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Definition
-amniotic portion (covered w/gel-like substance that dries up and falls off within 2 weeks) -cutaneous portion (covered w/skin and draws back) |
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Term
Ortolanis test and Barlow's sign is used to test what? (newborns and infants) |
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Definition
dislocation and/or ease of movement of hips -positive test shows clicking along with feeling head of femur slip in/out of hip |
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Term
What does it mean to have rudimentary sensation? (infants and newborns) |
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Definition
any stimulus must be strong to cause a reaction -response is not localized (reaction elicits whole-body movements) |
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Term
What is the Denver Developmental Test? (newborns & infants) |
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Definition
assesses apporpriate developmental milestones for child's -gross motor -language -fine motor -personal social development |
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Term
when does the sensorimotor (piaget) stage occur and what happens during it? (newborn & infants) |
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Definition
-brith-18 months *development of intellect and knowledge of the environment gained through the senses -go from reflexive activity to purposeful acts -success brings a sense of object permanence |
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Term
what is erikson's first stage of psychosocial development? (newborns & infants) |
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Definition
(birth-1 year) -trust vs. mistrust |
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Term
what is Freud's first stage of psychosexual development? (newborns & infants) |
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Definition
-oral stage (birth-18 months) -erogenous zone= mouth -sexual activity= sucking, swallowing, chewing and biting |
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Term
What is an Apgar score and when should it be assessed? (newborn & infants) |
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Definition
-an assessment of infant's ability to adapt to extrauterine life -heart rate, respiratory rate, reflex irritability, muscle tone, color *should be taken at 1 and 5 minutes after delivery |
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Term
What is the Tonic neck reflex and when does it appear? (newborns and infants) |
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Definition
-turn baby's head to the side with jaw at shoulder -extremities on same size extend, extremities on opposite side flex -appear a 2months -disappears 2-4 months later |
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Term
What is craniosynostosis? (newborns & infants) |
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Definition
premature closing of sutures -may lead to caput succedaneum (edema from trauma) or cephalohematoma (bleeding into periosteal space) |
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Term
What is Hypertelorism? (newborns & infants) |
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Definition
-wide-set position of eyes, upward slant, and thick epicanthal folds suggestive of Down's syndrome |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
What is diastasis recti? (newborns & infants) |
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Definition
separation of the abdominal muscles -midline protrustion from the xiphoid to the umbilicus or symphysis pubis |
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Term
What is metatarsus varus? (newborn & infant) |
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Definition
an inversion an adduction of the forefoot |
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Term
what is talipes equinovarus? (newborn & infant) |
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Definition
"club foot" -foot is fixed in adduction of forefoot, inversion of entire foot and equinus (pointing downward) |
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Term
What is gynecomastia? (children & adolescents) |
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Definition
enlargement of breast tissue in boys |
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Term
What is thelarche? (children and adolescents) |
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Definition
breast development in females -first sign of puberty |
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Term
What influences bone growth? (children and adolescents) |
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Definition
HORMONES -pituitary and thyroid |
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Term
examples of SOFT SIGNS (children & adolescents) |
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Definition
-short attention span -poor coordination of position -hypoactivity -impulsiveness -labile emotions -distractability -no demonstration of handedness -language &articulation problems -learning problems |
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Term
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Definition
-people age 85 and older -poorer health -more chronic disabilities -function less independently |
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Term
what does SPICES stand for? (frail elderly) |
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Definition
-Sleep disorders -problems eating -incontinence -confusion -evidence of fall/slips -skin breakdown |
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