Term
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Definition
| Management is a process of coordinating actions and allocating resources to achieve organizational goals. |
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Term
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Definition
| It views organizations and workers more holistically. The emphasis is on collective decision making, long-term employment with slower promotions, and less direct supervision. |
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Term
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Definition
| Leadership is a process of influence whereby the leader influences others toward goal achievement. |
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Term
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Definition
| Based on occupying a position in an organization, called assigned leadership. |
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Term
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Definition
| Occurs when an individual demonstrates leadership outside the scope of a formal leadership role or as a member of a group, rather than as the head or leader of the group. The informal leader can be considered to emerge as a leader when accepted by others and perceived to have influence. |
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Term
| Leadership Vs. Management |
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Definition
| Leadership is about creating change, and management is about coping with complexity. |
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Term
| Leadership characteristics |
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Definition
| Focus on a professional and purposeful vision that provides direction toward the preferred future, passion expressed by leaders involves the ability in inspire and align people toward the promises of life, and they possess integrity based on knowledge of self, honesty, and maturity developed through experience and growth. |
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Term
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Definition
Behavioral Approach
Contingency Approach
Contemporary Approach |
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Term
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Definition
| Autocratic, Democratic, and Laissez-faire |
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Term
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Definition
| involves centralized decision making, with the leader making decisions and using power to command and control others. |
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Term
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Definition
| Is participatory, authority is delegated to others. The democratic leader uses expert power and the power base afforded by having close, personal relationships to be influential. |
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Term
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Definition
| passive and permissive, the leader defers decision making |
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Term
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Definition
| Initiating structure involves emphasis on the work to be done, focus on the task and production, concerned with how work is organized and on the achievement of goals. Consideration involves activities that focus on the employee and emphasize relating and getting along with people. |
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Term
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Definition
| Acknowledges that other factors in the environment influence outcomes as much as leadership style and behavior. |
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Term
| Fielder's Contingency Theory |
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Definition
| Views leader behavior as dependent upon the interaction of the leader's personality and the needs of the situation. The needs of the situation or how favorable the situation is toward the leader involves leader-member relationships, the degree of task structure, and leader's position power. |
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Term
| Hersey and Blanchad's Situational Theory |
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Definition
| Emphasizes follower readiness as a factor in determining leadership style. |
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Term
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Definition
| (Hersey & Blanchard) Called maturity, is assessed in order to select one of 4 leadership styles for a situation: Telling (high task, low relationship behavior), Selling (high task, high relationship behavior), Participating (low task, high relationship behavior), Delegating (low task, low relationship behavior). |
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Term
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Definition
| The leader works to motivate followers and influence goal accomplishment |
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Term
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Definition
| Provides structure through direction and authority; leader is focused on the task and getting the job done. |
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Term
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Definition
| Is relationship-oriented; the leader provides encouragement, interest, and attention. |
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Term
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Definition
| Focuses on involving followers int the decision-making process. |
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Term
| Achievement-oriented Style |
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Definition
| Provides high structure and direction as well as high support through consideration behavior. |
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Term
| Substitutes for leadership |
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Definition
*Experience, ability, training
*Professionalism
*Structured, routine tasks
*Feedback provided by the task
*Intrinsic satisfaction
*Cohesive group
*Formalized organizatio |
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Term
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Definition
| Address the leadership functions necessary to develop learning organizations and lead transforming change. |
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Term
| Charismatic Leadership Theory |
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Definition
| Charismatic leaders display self-confidence, have strength in their convictions, and communicate high expectation and their confidence in others. They have been described as emerging during a crisis, communicating vision and using personal power and unconventional strategies. |
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Term
| Transformational Leadership |
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Definition
| Based on the idea of empowering others to engage in pursuing a collective purpose by working together to achieve a vision of a preferred future. |
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Term
A transformed leader is often described as:
A. one who is committed to a vision that empowers people
B. one who is concerned with day to day operations
C. one who coordinates actions and resources to achieve goals |
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Definition
| A. Transformational leaders are often perceived as being able to motivate others by demonstrating personal and organizational core values while providing a vision and direction. |
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Term
Theory Y makes the following assumptions:
A. prefer security, direction, and minimal responsibility
B. focus on collective decision making reviewing organization and worker holistically
C. intrinsically motivated, enjoy right conditions, show self control, and discipline |
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Definition
| 2. C. Theories have been developed to describe factors and characteristics regarding ways to motivate or influence others based upon underlying attitudes about human nature. The assumptions of the theories are that under the right conditions certain people are internally motivated exhibiting self-control and discipline. This may be used as a guide to understand behavior and help support employees and co-workers. |
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Term
Democratic leadership characteristics include:
A. centralized decision making with the leader making decisions and using power to command and control
B. use of expert power by having close personal relationships and delegates authority
C. passive and permissive whereby the leader defers making decisions |
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Definition
| 3. B. By tradition, democratic leaders develop personal relationships which are used to establish a power base and use power to influence others. |
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