Term
|
Definition
| the body's way of breaking down foods into nutrients in preparation for absorption. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the uptake of nutrients by the cells of the small intestine for transport into either the blood or the lymph |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is a flexible muscular tube that extends from the mouth, through the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and rectum to anus. |
|
|
Term
| The inner space within the GI tract is called the: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the process of digestion begins in the: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when you swallow a mouthful of food it passes through the: |
|
Definition
| pharynx, a short tube that is shared by both the digestive system and the respiratory system. |
|
|
Term
| to bypass the entrance (of a bolus) to your lungs, the _______ closes off your air passages so that you don't choke when you swallow. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| after a mouthful of food has been swallowed it is called a: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the "food pipe" the conduit from the mouth to the stomach |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the esophagus has a ____ muscle at each end. during a swallow the upper esophageal sphincter opens. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During a swallow the upper esophageal sphincter opens. the bolus then slides down the esophagus, which passes through a hole in the diaphragm and into the __________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| little by little, the stomach transfers the food to its lower portion, adds juices to it and grinds it to a semi-liquid mass called _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| bit by bit, the stomach releases the chyme through the ______ sphincter which opens into the small intestine and then closes behind the chyme. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| at the beginning of the small intestine, the chyme bypasses the opening from the common bile duct, which is dripping with fluids into the small intestine from 2 organs outside the GI tract. They are: |
|
Definition
| the gallbladder and the pancreas |
|
|
Term
| The chyme travels on down the small intestine through it's three segments |
|
Definition
| the duodenum, the jejunum and the ileum (almost 10 feet of tubing coiled within the abdomen) |
|
|
Term
| Having traveled the length of the small intestine the remaining contents arrive at another sphincter. the _________ valve, at the beginning of the large intestine (colon). |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Upon entering the colon, the contents pass another opening. Any intestinal contents slipping into this opening would end up in the _______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The contents of the colon bypass the appendix and travel along the large intestine up the right side of the abdomen, across the front of the left side, down the lower left side and finally below the other folds of the intestines to the _________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| As the intestinal contents pass to the rectum, the colon withdraws water, leaving a semisolid waste. The strong muscles of the rectum and the anal canal hold back this waste until it is time to defecate. Then the rectal muscles relax and the two sphincters of the ______ open to allow passage of waste. |
|
Definition
| anus!! eww!!! gross!!! poopy!! |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| occurs continuously and pushes the intestinal contents along |
|
|
Term
| the ______ has the thickest walls and strongest muscles of all the GI tract organs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| during __________ the circular muscles of the intestines rhythmically contract and squeeze their contents. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the breakdown of food into nutrients requires secretions from five different organs: |
|
Definition
| salivary glands, stomach, pancreas, liver and small intestine. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a protein that facilitates a chemical rxn |
|
|
Term
| The (digestive) enzymes involved in digestion facilitate a chemical rxn known as: |
|
Definition
| hydrolysis-- the addition of water to break a molecule into smaller pieces. |
|
|
Term
| the salivary glands squirt just enough _____ to moisten each mouthful of food so that it can pass easily down the esophagus. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In the stomach, ________ glands secrete gastric juice, a mixture of water, enzymes and hydrochloric acid which acts primarily in protein digestion. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a thick slippery, white substance that coats the cells, protecting them from acid, enzymes, and disease-causing bacteria that might otherwise cause harm |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the _______ juice contains enzymes that act on all three macronutrients. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In addition to enzzymes, the pancreatic juice contains ________________ which is basic or alkaline-- opposite of the stomach's acid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ also flows into the duodenum. The liver continuously produces ____, which is then concentrated and stored in the gallbladder. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| bile is not an enzyme. It is an ____________ that brings fats into suspension in water so that enzymes can break them down into their component parts. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| finger-like projections from the folds of the small intestine; singular villus. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tiny hair-like projections on each cell of every villus that can trap nutrient particles and transport them into cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tubular glands that lie between the intestinal villi and secrete intestinal juices into the small intestine. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cells of the GI tract (and lungs) that secrete mucus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in the crevices between the villi |
|
|
Term
| specialization of the GI tract |
|
Definition
| cells of successive portions of the intestinal tract are specialized to absorb different nutrients. |
|
|
Term
| T or F food combining can enhance absorption of certain nutrients |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| nutrients pass through the cells of the villi and enter either the _____ or (if they are water soluble) or the ______ (if they are fat soluble) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the route that blood travels in the body? |
|
Definition
| heart to arteries to capillaries to veins to heart |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the large, primary artery that conducts blood from the heart to the body's smaller arteries |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| vessels that carry blood from the heart to the tissues |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| small vessels that branch from an artery. Capillaries connect arteries to veins. Exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste materials takes place across capillary walls. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| vessels that carry blood to the heart |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the vein that collects blood from the GI tract and conducts it to capillaries in the liver. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the vein that collects blood from the liver capillaries and returns it to the heart. (hepatic=liver) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| provides a one way route for fluid from the tissue spaces to enter the blood. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a clear yellowish fluid that is similar to blood except that it contains no red blood cells or platelets. lymph from the GI tract transports fat and fat soluble vitamins to the bloodstream via lymphatic vessels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the main lymphatic vessel that collects lymph and drains into the left subclavian vein, where the lymph enters the bloodstream. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the vein that provides passageway from the lymphatic system to the vascular system. |
|
|
Term
| the lymphatic vessels of the intestine that take up nutrients and pass them to the lymph circulation are called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the maintenance of constant internal conditions by the body's control systems. |
|
|
Term
| two intricate and sensitive systems coordinate all the digestive and absorptive processes: |
|
Definition
| the hormonal (or endocrine) system and the nervous system. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chemical messengers secreted by a variety of different glands in response to altered conditions in the body. Each hormone travels to one or more specific target tissues or organs where it elicits a response to maintain homeostasis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A hormone secreted that stimulates the stomach glands to secrete the components of HCl. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a hormone produced by cells in the duodenum wall. Target organ: pancreas. Response: secretion of bicarbonate-rich pancreatic juice. |
|
|
Term
| Pancreatic secretions..How does the pancreas know what to secrete? |
|
Definition
| hormones are secreted in response to different types of meals. if you eat carbohydrates a carbohydrase is secreted and so on. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| not digested by the small intestine but provides food for bacteria. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| provoked by presence of fat, stimulates release of bile in the small intestine (can also work in the pancreas and liver) |
|
|
