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Nutrition Concepts ch. 5-7
key points from chapters
55
Health Care
Undergraduate 1
02/26/2008

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Term
lipoproteins
Definition
transport fats in the blood
Term
LDL
Definition
transports lipids from liver to other tissues
Term
HDL
Definition
returns cholesterol from storage places to liver for disposal
Term
3 categories of lipids
Definition
triglycerides, sterols, phospholipids
Term
trans fatty acids created when...
Definition
polyunsaturated fats are hydrogenated and increase LDL levels in blood
Term
to reduce blood chol. level
Definition
decrease sat. fats like beef, coconut and palm oils
Term
monosaturated fats heart healthy?
Definition
true
Term
replace sat fats with these mono fats:
Definition
canola oil, olive oil, avocados
Term
Omega 3 foods
Definition
fatty fish, salmon
Term
Linoleic and Linolenic acids
Definition
essential fatty acids because they are not produced by body, must be consumed in foods
Term
how many amino acids essential for humans?
Definition
only 9 (but 20 needed for proteins)
Term
complementary protein sources
Definition

peanut butter, banana, whole wheat bread

rice and beans

whole wheat mac and cheese

Term
Marasmus
Definition
adequate protein but not enough calories in kids; skin and bones, dysentary
Term
protein amino acids contain...
Definition
nitrogen
Term
denaturation helps digestion...
Definition
breakdown proteins that assist digestion
Term
Kwashiorkor
Definition
protien deficiency disorder
Term
adult nit. blance
Definition
nitrogen equilibrium
Term
excess amino acids in protein...
Definition
stored in body for protein synthesis
Term
rickets
Definition

Vitamin D deficiency disease

Term
pellegra
Definition
niacin deficiency disease
Term
Vitamin E
Definition
antioxidant
Term
water soluble vitamins
Definition
not stored in body, no bile needed, easily destroyed in cooking
Term
excess alcohol can cause...
Definition
thiamin deficiency
Term
beta carotene
Definition
precursor for vitamin A
Term
Vitamin K
Definition
can be synthesized from intestinal bacteria
Term
good vit C sources
Definition
strawberries, citrus fruits, broccoli
Term
Folate for pregnant woman...
Definition
prevents neural tube defects in baby
Term
Vitamin B
Definition
act as part of coenzymes
Term
bile
Definition
an emulsifier made by the liver from cholesterol and stored in the gallbladder
Term
cardiovascular disease
Definition
diseas of heart and blood vessels; atherosclerosis and hypertension
Term
cholesterol
Definition

member of group of lipids known as sterols; found in animals

Term
chylomicrons
Definition
clusters formed when lipids from a meal are combined with carrier proteins in intestinal lining; transport food fats thru fluids to liver etc.
Term
antioxidant
Definition
effects of reactive compounds like forms of oxygen, nitrogen on tissue functioning
Term
emulsification
Definition
the process of mixing lipid with water by adding emulsifier
Term
emulsifier
Definition

mixes fat and water; disperses fat in water forming emulsion

Term
essential fatty acids
Definition
fatty acids that body needs but cant make enough of for body
Term
fat replacers
Definition
ingredients that replace some or all of functions of fat; may not provide energy
Term
fatty acids
Definition

organic acids composed of carbon chains of various lengths; hydrogens attached to carbon atoms of chain

Term
glycerol
Definition
an organic compound, three carbons long, backbone for triglycerides
Term

insulation

Definition
fats insulate against temperature extremes thru fat layer under skin
Term

monoglycerides

Definition
products of digestion lipids; one fatty acid attached
Term
mono fats
Definition
triglycerides that usually have one point of unsaturation
Term
omega 3 fatty acid
Definition
polyunsaturated with end double bond 3 carbons from end of chain; ie: linolenic acid
Term
omega 6 fatty acids
Definition
poly with end bonds six carbons from end of chain; ie: linoleic acid
Term
oxidation
Definition
interaction of compound with oxygen, damaging effect by chem. reactive
Term
phospholipids
Definition

1 of 3 classes of lipids, phospherous containing acid in place of fatty acid, present in cell membranes

Term
poly fats
Definition
triglycerides with two or more points of unsaturation
Term
sat fats
Definition
triglycerides with most of acids saturated
Term
sucrose
Definition

any of fam of compounds where fatty acids are bonded

Term
unsat fatty acid
Definition
fatty acid that lacks some hydrogen atons, one or more points of unsat; tryglyceride
Term
VLDL
Definition
lipoproteins that transport trygylcerides from liver to other tissues
Term
acids
Definition
compounds that release hydrogens in watery solution
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