Term
| Fatty foods like chocolate relax the lower esophageal sphincter, increasing the risk for exposing the esophagus to acid |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| The parenchymal cell of the liver is called hepatocyte |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| When a person consumes an excess intake of iron, the iron is incorporated into ferritin and stored in the enterocyte |
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Definition
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|
Term
| The liver increases blood glucose by two metabolic pathways, glucineogensis and glycogenolysis |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Within the stomach, the primary function of the cardiac gland is to secrete acid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pancreatic Lipase is a major enzyme for digesting triglyceride |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid are both constituents of the bile |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Tryosine cannot be made from Phenylalanine in a person with PKU, so tyrosine becomes a conditionally essential nutrient |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Intrinsic Factor is necessary for vitamin D absorption in the stomach |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The postprandial alkaline tide refers to the increase in bicarbonate in the blood after a meal |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Defesins are antimicrobial peptides that's are found in large amounts in hyenas and also in our panted cells found in the crypt of Lieberkuhn |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Pepsin in an inactive form of an enzyme known as a zymogen |
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Definition
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|
Term
| There are significantly more bacteria found in the colon than in the small intestine |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| two benefits of saliva is that it contains antiviral and antibacterial proteins |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| a major source of vitamin K is from the bacteria in the colon |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the Kuppfer cells are phagocytic immune cells in the liver that fight bacteria |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| An important function of the crypt of Lieberkuhn is to provide the watery environment for the enterocyte |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Carbonic anhydrase is the enzyme in the parietal cell that mediates acid production |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Histamine stimulates acid production in the stomach |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Pinocytosis engulfs large particulate matter like smoke |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Blood pH ______ postprandially |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Presence of food in the stomach will _____ ileum activity |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Increasing bile acids in the intestinal lumen will ____ the size of the lipid droplet |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An increase in cholecystokinin will ____ pancreatic secretions |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Increasing bifidobacteria will _____ the risk for colon cancer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An increase in Helicobacteria pylori will _____ the risk of ulcers |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| An increase in carbonic anhydrase activity will result in a _____ in bicarbonate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Increasing the chloride pump activity of the crypt of Lieberkuhn will ____ the risk for diarrhea |
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Definition
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|
Term
| worrying about this exam _____ burners gland secretions |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Decreasing sodium pump activity will _____ glucose uptake by the enterocyte |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which absorptive mechanism needs no ATP, goes down a gradient, and needs a carrier? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which of the following is(are) the product(s) of digestion of triglyceride |
|
Definition
| Monoglyceride & fatty acids |
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|
Term
| This GI hormone stimulates the contraction of the gallbladder and slows GI motility |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bile is synthesized from (made from) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following are functions of the liver |
|
Definition
| Plasma protein synthesis, Ketone body formation, Urea Synthesis (all the above) |
|
|
Term
| Carbohydrates and protein are being digested simultaneously in the..... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Susie is pregnant with her first child! she has always struggled with her weight and is clinically obese, but one day she could not help it, and before going to sleep, she ate an entire giant bag of M&M's. What is susie most at risk of experiencing |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Which of the following blood vessels provides the greatest amount of blood supply to the liver? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In a state of iron deficiency, iron is transported in the blood as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is secreted by the chief cells of the oxyntic gland |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which is NOT a side effect of inflammatory bowel disease |
|
Definition
| Malabsorption of nutrients, Diarrhea, Decreased bicarbonate production, problem with bile acid recycling - all the above |
|
|
Term
| Salivary amylase is an enzyme released in the mouth that hydrolyzes starch, it is ____ by acid Lingual lipase that also is released in the mouth, hydrolyzes triglycerides to fatty acids and glycerol and is ____ by the acid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is NOT a type of cell in the oxyntic gland? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The major means of excreting iron in men is: |
|
Definition
| B & C - feces and as ferritin in the enterocyte |
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|
Term
| Which of these is not a function of the Crypt of Lieberkuhn |
|
Definition
| Helps with lipid absorption |
|
|
Term
| Intrinsic factor is scripted from the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Commonly prescribe statin drugs lower blood cholesterol by inhibiting which of the following enzymes? |
|
Definition
| Hydroxymethyl-glutaryl CoA reductase |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| phospholipids, bile salts, fatty acids |
|
|
Term
| which of the following metabolites cannot be used to make glucose |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bile acids are made in the.... |
|
Definition
| Littoral Cells and Hepatocyte |
|
|
Term
| The attachment of three fatty acids to a glycerol backbone by ester bonds forms a triglyceride |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| for the nomenclature of fatty acids, the omega designation is only for polyunsaturated fats and not for monounsaturated fatty acids |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Linolenic acid is an essential omega-3 fatty acid with 18 carbons and three double bonds |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Individuals with type 2 diabetes are likely to form acetoacetate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Very few natural fats are triglycerides |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Insulin resistance is thought to be caused in part by defective GLUT 4 transporter in the liver |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lipids are a heterogenous group that includes fats and oils that are insoluble in water and used by living organism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Individuals with juvenile-onset diabetes are likely to form ketones if they miss an insulin shot |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the most common form of diabetes is type II or maturity-onset |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Rancidity of triglycerides is the oxidation of double bonds to form acids |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Glucose discovered in the urine of pregnant Gertrude indicates that she has gestational diabetes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lipids containing mostly saturated fatty acids are liquid at room temperature |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Roys fasting blood glucose was 140 mg/dL indicating that he is diabetic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If Dr.Spock's fasting blood sugar was 45 mg/dL, he would be considered hypoglycemic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Combining a fatty acid with an alcohol forms an ester bond |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The omega designation of a fatty acid is the number of the first carbon encountering a double bond from the methyl end of a fatty acid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Olestra consist of several fatty acids attached to a glucose molecule |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| There is no known disease in which prostaglandins and/or leukotrienes are not implicated |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Glucagon increases blood glucose levels |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The healthful benefits of omega-3 fatty acids are that regular consumption of them will tend to decrease both inflammation and triglyceride levels |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Increasing muscle glycogenolysis will _____ the release of glucose by the muscle into the blood |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| increasing intake of delicious sardines will ______ the omega - 3 fatty acid content in the body |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Eating WOW ( non-fat) potato chips will ______ your intake of olestra |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Increasing blood insulin will ______ beta-hydroxy butyrate formation in a type I diabetic that has not had their insulin shot for a couple of days |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| high protein intake will ______ the complications associated with having PKU |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| consuming stearic acid (chocolate) will _____ the risk of developing heart disease |
|
Definition
| have no significant effect |
|
|
Term
| in general, sugar will ______ blood levels of cholesterol |
|
Definition
| have no significant effect on |
|
|
Term
| decreasing essential fatty acids will ____ omega-9 content of fatty acids in the body |
|
Definition
| have no significant effect on |
|
|
Term
| decreased plasma albumin will _____ ankle swelling |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| increased liver gluconeogenesis will ______ blood glucose levels |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which of the following will occur if all the indispensable amino acids are in sufficient amounts, but there is insufficient proline for large amount required to make the specific protein X: |
|
Definition
| A complete protein X will be made |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following fatty acids is an omega-6 fatty acid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| simple proteins yield only _______ upon hydrolysis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Amino acids are joined together to form protein by: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| All the following will denature a protein except |
|
Definition
| acid, base, heat, agitation - all of these will denature a protein |
|
|
Term
| all the following promote protein synthesis except: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does "en" indicate in the word eicosapentaenoic acid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which of the following is not an essential amino acid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which of the following has the highest quality of protein |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an amino group & carboxylic acid group |
|
|
Term
| which is not a significant biologically active omega-3 fatty acid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a triglyceride is made up of |
|
Definition
| glycerol backbone & fatty acids |
|
|
Term
| which of the following is false concerning type 1 diabetes? |
|
Definition
| the primary defect is in the insulin-mediated uptake by the myocyte and adipocyte |
|
|
Term
| the adding of hydrogen to a double bond is known as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which of the following is not a fibrous protein: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The most common form of diabetes is type II or maturity-onset. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Individuals with juvenile-onset diabetes are likely to form β-hydroxybutyrate if they miss an insulin shot. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sorbitol and ethanol are examples of polyhydroxy alcohols. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| both maltose and lactose are disaccharides |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| linolenic acid is an essential omega-3 fatty acid with 18 carbons and three double bonds |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ethanol provides more energy in the form of ATP for an alcoholic than it does for an occasional drinker |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| an increased consumption of omega-3 fatty acids has a hypolipidemic effect |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| aspartame is made up of fatty acids and methanol |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pectin in a soluble fiber |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| after haman honored Mordecai, his fasting blood sugar was determined to be 45 mg/dL. He would be consider hyperglycemic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| type of bond formed between glucose in amylose is an alpha ester bond |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the first few weeks of pregnancy is the safest time to ingest ethanol |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| for the nomenclature of fatty acids, the omega designation is only for polyunsaturated fats and not for monounsaturated fatty acids |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ethanol is oxidized to acetic acid during its metabolism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the microsomal ethanol oxidizing system is more energy efficient than the alcohol dehydrogenase system |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| essential fatty acids are required in our diet because humans do not have the desaturate enzymes to introduce a double bond beyond the delta-9 position |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| oxidation of fatty acids with low intracellular carbohydrate availability will lead to acetoacetate formation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| glucose is a monosaccharide that joins with another glucose molecule to form sucrose |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| glucagon increases blood glucose levels |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| insulin resistance is thought to be caused in part by a defective GLUT 4 transporter in the liver |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| increasing intake of cellulose will ______ risk of developing diverticulosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a high consumption of beans and legumes willl ____ the amount of oligosaccharides in the intestine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| chronic high blood levels of insulin will _____ the formation of acetone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| increasing intake of insoluble fiber will ___ blood cholesterol levels |
|
Definition
| have no significant effect on |
|
|
Term
| insulin will ____ triglyceride catabolism in the adipocyte |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| increasing ethanol uptake by the hepatocyte will ___ the amount of the enzyme for the alcohol dehydrogenase system |
|
Definition
| have no significant effect on |
|
|
Term
| increasing dietary intake of C20:5w3 Fatty acid will ____ risk of developing arthritis |
|
Definition
| have no significant effect on |
|
|
Term
| increasing dietary intake of myristate (C10:0) will ____ the medium chain fatty acid content of the portal blood |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| decreasing dietary essential fatty acids will ____ omega-9 content of fatty acids in the body |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| chronic high levels of glucose in blood will _____ the percentage of glycosylated hemoglobin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| increasing consumption of blackstrap molasses will _____ the intake of iron, magnesium and calcium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| increasing intake of delicious sardines will ____ the C22:6w6 fatty acid content in the body |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| increasing fruits, vegetables and legumes will ____ the soluble fiber content in ones diet |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| increasing steptococcus mutans in the mouth will _____ formation of dextrin after carbohydrate-containing meal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pancreatic release of glucagon will ____ blood fatty acid levels |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a triglyceride is made up of |
|
Definition
| fatty acids and glycerol backbone |
|
|
Term
| ____ is the stage form of carbohydrates in plants |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ is the storage of carbohydrates in animals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| components of a phospholipid include |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which of the following is an essential fatty acid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does "en" indicate in the word eicosapentaenoic acid: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which of the following is a way to increase blood glucose levels by the liver |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| excessive alcohol consumption leads to cirrhosis of the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which of the following is healthiest form of lipid in our food supply |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which of the following is a good source of fiber |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which of the following fatty acids is an w-6 fatty acid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which of the following is true about alcoholism |
|
Definition
| they have a greater amount of microsomal ethanol oxidizing system enzymes than a nonalcoholic |
|
|
Term
| which of the following is not a function of carbohydrates |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which of the following provides no energy (kcal) |
|
Definition
|
|
