Term
| What was the impact of the Low vitamin D/Low Calcium diet? |
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Definition
-Increased Growth Plate Score
-Flexible beak
-UV filter (no vit D or limestone in diet) |
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Term
| What was the impact of the Salt Deficiency diet? |
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Definition
-Lower body weight
-Need Na to drive Na co-transporters for nutrient absorption |
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Term
| What was the impact of the High Salt diet? |
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Definition
-Pendulous crop: enlarged crop that protrudes from neck
-Excess water consumption that results in a wetting of feathers in the head and neck region
-Elevated mortality
-Swollen kidneys
-Large testes
-Wet neck feathers and litter
-greater body weight |
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Term
| What was the impact of the High Energy/Low Protein diet? |
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Definition
-Higher corn / soybean in diet
-Increased Fat Pad weight
-Lower Body weight |
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Term
| What was the impact of the Raw Soybean Meal diet? |
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Definition
-Raw Soybean has Trypsin inhibitor
-Soybean meal needs to be cooked to denature the Trypsin inhibiting enzyme
-Decreased Body weight and increased pancreatic weight |
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Term
| What was the impact of the Low Energy/High Protein diet? |
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Definition
-High Soybean / Low corn
-Lower fat pad weight
-greater body weight |
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Term
| the reason the Low vitamin D/Low Calcium diet had the effect it did |
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Definition
| because without vitamin D, chickens can not absorb the calcium they need for the proper growth and development of the bones and the beak (Pandit, 2015). The thicker growth plate may also be caused by this diet, because this condition, known as tibial dyschondroplasia |
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Term
| the reason the Salt Deficiency diet had the effect it did |
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Definition
| because chickens use sodium dependent co-transporters to take up amino acids (Benson, 2017). While these chicks were still alive, they were also very lethargic, because sodium is needed for some important physiological processes, such as osmoregulation (Leeson, 2016), metabolism, and proper functioning of muscles and nerves (eXtension, 2017). Sodium is also needed for the uptake of monosaccharides in a transport mechanism that requires sodium |
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Term
| the reason the High Salt diet had gthe effect it did |
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Definition
| Due to the diuretic effect of salt (eXtension, 2017), the birds given the high salt diet drank more water than all the other birds while they were still alive. This caused their feathers to become wetter and their litter to have a higher water content than the other birds (eXtension, 2017). These birds were also some of the largest birds and had excess fluid in their body cavities, larger kidneys and testes, and a pendulous crop |
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Term
| the reason the high energy/low protein diet had the effect it did |
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Definition
| because low protein diets increase the feed conversion ratio (Ross Tech, n.d.) and increase deposition of abdominal fat |
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Term
| the reason the low energy/high protein diet had the effect it did |
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Definition
| because more protein in the diet increases the live weight of the bird (Ross Tech, n.d.) and reduces deposition of body fat |
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Term
| the reason the raw soybean meal diet had the effect it did |
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Definition
| The reason for the smaller body weight is because raw soybeans have a trypsin inhibitor, which makes a chicken less able to metabolize and use amino acids (University of Georgia, 2016). Not only is trypsin an active protease, but it also helps to convert procarboxypeptidase and chymotrypsinogen into the active proteases carboxypeptidase and chymotrypsin, respectively (Benson, 2017). Trypsin also helps in the synthesis of enterokinase, which converts trypsinogen into trypsin (Benson, 2017). If trypsin is inhibited, it can not do its job properly, which leads to smaller live weight due to the chicken taking up less amino acids and proteins. Meanwhile, the pancreas responds to this by making more trypsinogen, making the pancreas bigger. |
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