Term
|
Definition
increased risk of adult chronic diseases
organs don't mature as well enutero
and so will not function as well in adulthood
Cancer, Diabetes, CAD |
|
|
Term
| Pre-conception and Early Pregnancy Critical Nutrients |
|
Definition
Folate
Vitamins B6 and B12 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
supplemented with methyl donors such as zinc, methiononie, betaine
the babies who were hypermethylated had a lower risk of cancer, diabetes, obesity and prolonged life
the babies who were hypomethylated had a high risk of cancer, diabetes, obesity and reduced lifespan
Maternal Diet can influence epigenetics |
|
|
Term
| Increase in nutrient needs during pregnancy |
|
Definition
folate and iron and iodine
not energy don't have to promote high amounts of food during pregnancy |
|
|
Term
| Iodine in Neonatal periods |
|
Definition
| leading cause of preventable cognitive impairments among infants |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
more energy than in utero
more protein 12-15
but much more FLUID!! |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
nutritional needs are meet
metabolic - facilitates maternal weight loss
immunologic-immunoglobulins are passed fewer common and serious infections
economic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
most rapid growth rate - weight triples
protein needs are high quality protein ++ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
less fat, more lean mass
wide variety of foods
less protein per kg but more because your overall mass changes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
zn and fe deficiency
need supplementation during infancy and childhood |
|
|
Term
| Dental cavities in children |
|
Definition
hygiene, avoid simple carbohydrate
fluroid in water |
|
|
Term
| weight problems in children |
|
Definition
growth retardation from weight below 5th percentile
overweight bmi > 95th percentile |
|
|
Term
| Children at risk of malnutrition |
|
Definition
premature
survivors of childhood cancers
organ transplant recipients
children with diabetes, cystic fibrosis |
|
|
Term
| Safety concerns of food supply |
|
Definition
pesticides - should wash our foods
growth hormone - not a concern in milk
antibiotics- resistance
environmental contamination |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
absolute nutrient needs greatest!
maximum total gains in ht and weight
1g/kg/d
Ca, P, Vit D, A, E Iron
no K because no in bacteria flora |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
soluble- oats, fruits these are fermenatble into SCFA
insoluble - wheat, corn bran, potato skin but add bulk and weight to colonic contents |
|
|
Term
| Body Composition changed by |
|
Definition
activity
nutritional status
thyroid status
others: illness, nicotine/caffeine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
chemically modified so dbl bonds are in trans
trans fats make the fat more solid
avoid trans fats |
|
|
Term
| Dietary Factors for Cancer Risk |
|
Definition
over nutrition
too little: fiber, fruit and vegetables, DHA + EPA
low calcium is increased risk |
|
|
Term
| Nutrition in Diabetes Prevention |
|
Definition
low fat, calorie restricted diet
30 min exercise daily = reduced by 58%
viscous soluble fiber, fishfood, mediterranean diet, dairy |
|
|
Term
| metabolic syndrome and diet |
|
Definition
Decrese Risk: Fiber, ratio of polyun to saturated lower
Increase: trans fat and glycemic load
high saturated fat will increase insulin resistance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
depression, poverty, isolation
reduction in organ mass |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
reduced skeletal muscle mass
reduced tropic hormones
disuse tissue atrophy
increased risk of falls
mmostly in elderly |
|
|
Term
| Vitamin D production in elderly |
|
Definition
| reduced efficiency through skin absorption with aging |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
reduced absorption
reduced HCl production
and impaired protein cleavage of cobalamin |
|
|
Term
| Caloric restriction in lifespan |
|
Definition
extends lifespan
reduces cancer
really only 10% change |
|
|
