Shared Flashcard Set

Details

OCPM Biomechanics Forces and Funcional Anatomy 2
Quesions
79
Medical
Professional
06/14/2009

Additional Medical Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
What makes up the Medial Column?
Definition
Primarily the Cuneiforms, 1st, 2nd and 3rd Mets
Term
What makes up the Lateral Column?
Definition
Primarily the 4thm, 5th Mets
Term
What is the Primary Role of the Medial Column?
Definition
Shock absorption and terrain adaptation (mobile adapter).
Term
Why does the 1st Ray dorsiflex?
Definition
To compensate fo STJ pronation and to alleviate stress on the sesamoids.
Term
T/F The Medial Column has a small ROM?
Definition
FALSE
Term
T/F The Medial Column can dorsiflex as much as the Calcaneus everts during STJ pronation?
Definition
TRUE
Term
What is the Primary Role of the Lateral Column?
Definition
Balance
Term
Why when the FF everts the Calcaneus does does too?
Definition
Helps maintain a somewhat locked position of MTJ though Gait Cycle.
Term
T/F The Lateral Column has a small ROM?
Definition
TRUE
Term
Why does the Lateral Column have a small ROM?
Definition
Insures the Calcaneus and Lateral Column move together for adaptation to terrain (also that the FF will remain locked on the RF due to OMTJ axis pronation.
Term
T/F If and axis of a joint is deviated to become more perpendicular to a certain body plane, then motion in that plane will be the dominant motion?
Definition
TRUE
Term
What will be the Plane of Dominance if the OMTJ axis is deviated so that it is more vertically oriented, thus more perpendicular to the Transverse Plane?
Definition
Transverse Plane
Term
What actions will you see more of in the FF when the RF is more pronated and supinated on the OMTJ?
Definition
Adduction and Abduction (with some dorsiflexion and plantarflexion).
Term
If the STJ axis is more vertically oriented, it is then more perpendicular to the transverse plane. Why is this a problem?
Definition
B/c for the STJ to convert Torque form the leg rotation you need frontal plane motion at the STJ
Term
What prevents Abduction and Adduction of the foot on the ground?
Definition
Shear Forces
Term
What structures compensate for a vertically deviated STJ axis?
Definition
The Ankle, knee and hip. (Proximal joints are greatly affected by distal)
Term
If the STJ axis is deviated more horizontally then it is more perpendicular to what plane?
Definition
Frontal Plane (more inversion/eversion)
Term
More frontal plane motion in the STJ, and thus more angulation possible between bones at joints will lead to what?
Definition
Inc. instability, hypermobility and subluxation seen with STJ pronation.
Term
Will pathology that stems form STJ pronation and excess frontal plane motion be seen in the foot or leg?
Definition
Foot
Term
If the STJ axis deviates in the transverse plane medially, what motion will be excentuated?
Definition
Pronation
Term
What is the function of the Lateral Ankle Ligaments?
Definition
Provide emergency stability for ankle in response to Subtalar inversion, preventing subluxation.
Term
What are the Lateral Ankle Ligaments?
Definition
Ant. Talo-Fibular, Calcaneo-Fibular and Post. Talo-Fibular Ligs.
Term
What Fixed Structural Position can result in lateral instability?
Definition
Short lateral column or FF Valgus
Term
What makes up the Plantar Fascia?
Definition
Abductor Hallucis, Abductor Digiti Minimi and Plantar Aponeurosis.
Term
All bands of the Plantar Fascia attach to what structure?
Definition
Plantar Process of the Calcaneus
Term
What is the Windlass Mechanism?
Definition
Increased height of Medial Arch as the medial and central bands tighten in response to dorsiflexion of the digits, especially the Hallux. This plantarflexes the 1st Met.
Term
What else will we see with the Windlass Mechanism?
Definition
Inversion of the Calcaneus, due to the tightening of the Plantar Fascia (This Supinates the STJ passively!)
Term
T/F A small amount of energy is expended by the Windlass Mechanism to cause this supination of the STJ?
Definition
FALSE
Term
T/F Passive supination of the STJ by the Windlass Mechanism is one of the reasons for continued supination into propulsion?
Definition
TRUE
Term
Where does the Central Band attach as it begins to branch off and send slips to the digits?
Definition
The Integument (Skin) for added strength.
Term
According to Elftman, When are the CC 1 Axis in line with TN 1 axis?
Definition
In prontation. Results in an unlocked MTJ
Term
According to Elftman, how are the four axis of the MTJ posistiond during supination?
Definition
They are all aligned.
Term
Is the Elftman theory widely held today?
Definition
NO
Term
According to Root (1960), when is the locking position of the MTJ?
Definition
When the STJ is neutral and pronation of the MTJ stops. (Full Pronation)
Term
What is the normal for the plantar surface of the foot when the MTJ is locked?
Definition
FF and RF surfaces are parallel OR When the plantar surface of the FF is perpendicular to a vertical bisection of the Calcaneus.
Term
What does Rectus mean?
Definition
Straight (Normal)
Term
What are 2 examples of abnormal MTJ locking?
Definition
FF Varus/Valgus
Term
What is Husons single axis theory?
Definition
MTJ acutally consists of the Navicular and Cuboid rotatiog around the Talus along with the Calcaneus
Term
What is Nester and Findlow single axis theory?
Definition
MTJ consts of the Navicular and Cuboid move as a single unit. Not matter what motion is occurring there is only a single axis of motion at all times in this model!
Term
In which planes does motion of the lesser MPJ's occur?
Definition
Transverse and Sagittal Planes
Term
How many degrees of motion does each MPJ need?
Definition
62' +/- 10'
Term
T/F MPJ's use the smae mechanism as the 1st to get the 62' +/- 1- degrees?
Definition
TRUE, The Met must plantarflex on the proximal phalanx.
Term
Why do you need less motion of the lesser MPJ's than the 1st?
Definition
B/c the lesser Met Heads and digits lift of the ground before the Hallux.
Term
What is the cause of the Oblique toe break when the digits dorsiflex during propulsion?
Definition
The Oblique Line of the lesser MPJ's
Term
T/F FF loads from Medial to Lateral?
Definition
FALSE
Term
Why is the Windlass Mechanism/Effect more prominent in the Medial Column?
Definition
The central band sends slips in the each digit. B/c the Hallux dorsiflexes more than the lesser digits the Windlass Mechanism is greatest on the medial side.
Term
What is FF Varus?
Definition
Congenital resulting from retention of varus torsion of the talar head and neck.
Term
What is the Uncompensated FF Varus?
Definition
No Subtalar eversion to equalize ground forces on the FF. Excessive weight born on the lateral foot.
Term
What is the Compensated FF Varsus
Definition
Enough Subtalar eversion to equalize ground forces on the FF. Pronatin in Propulsion.
Term
What is Partial Compensated FF Varus?
Definition
Some Subtalr eversion, but not enough to completely equalize ground reactive forces on the forefoot.
Term
What is the biggest problem with FF Varus?
Definition
Abnormal STJ pronation, especially during propulsion.
Term
What is Equinas?
Definition
Foot cannot dorsiflex the 10 degrees needed at Midstance in relation to the Tibia. Can be muscular or osseous.
Term
What will you see at Heel Contact with Equinas?
Definition
Pronation
Term
What will you commonly see in patients with Equinas?
Definition
Walking with knee flexed to relieve tension on the gastrocnemius muscles.
Term
In Equinas you commonly see what due to tight gastrocs or tight medial or lateral hams?
Definition
Early Heel Off
Term
What is FF Valgus?
Definition
Congenital resulting from excessive valgus torsion of the head and neck of the talus relative to the body of the talus.
Term
What is the Compensation for FF Valgus?
Definition
At MTJ by dorsiflexing the 1st Ray or at the STJ by supination of the STJ or Both.
Term
What are the leasions that we see from a Compensated FF Valgus?
Definition
Sub 2 if from MTJ and Sub 1 or 5 from STJ
Term
What is Plantarflexed 1st Ray?
Definition
Plane of Met Head 1 and 5 everted to RF. 1st Ray plantarflexed in relation to Met Head 2-5
Term
What can cause Plantarflexed 1st Ray?
Definition
Contracture state of the Peroneus Longus or tight medial slips of the Plantar Fascia.
Term
What is the Compensation and Lesion that goes with Plantarflexed 1st Ray?
Definition
Supinaiton of STJ and lesions under 1st and 5th Met Heads.
Term
What causes Medial Loading?
Definition
External Forces, widened base of gait for heavy lifting causes medial STJ loading. Forces increased toward pronating STJ
Term
What is the Effect of Obesity?
Definition
Inc force at center of mass (body weight), more medial force again toward pronation of the STJ.
Term
What is the Effect of Tibial Valgus or Heel Valgus?
Definition
Eversion of bone putting increased force medial to the STJ and pronation of the STJ. (Tibial valgum think Knock Knee)
Term
What is Lateral Loading?
Definition
STJ Varus - Forces directed laterally due to inverted nature of Calcaneus.
Term
What is the compensation for Lateral Loading?
Definition
STJ pronation, to get rest of foot to the ground.
Term
What 2 conditions will direct forces laterally through the foot?
Definition
FF Valgus and Plantarflexed 1st Ray.
Term
What did Finn Bojsen-Moller propose?
Definition
A Transverse and Oblique Axis throught the Met Heads.
Term
Which axis operates for high speed motion or propulsion, sprinting?
Definition
Transverse Axis (Met Head 1 and 2)
Term
Which axis operates for low speed and power (uphill climb, carrying heavy loads)?
Definition
Oblique Axis
Term
T/F Initially in propulsion we are using high gear axis, however we shift medially to the low gear axis for propulsion?
Definition
FALSE
Term
T/F There is slight pronation at the end of normal propulsion?
Definition
TRUE
Term
What is a Beam?
Definition
Resists bending.
Term
T/F A beam's ends are secure? Why?
Definition
FALSE. The need to elongate during contact and midstance.
Term
When does the foot become a beam?
Definition
At contact, allowing for motion at joints to adapt to terrain w/o bending the foot abnormally.
Term
What is Truss?
Definition
Supports a structure, braces it, makes it rigid.
Term
What does Tuss casue?
Definition
Internal compression (good)
Term
Can the foot elongate due to truss?
Definition
NO, b/c of ground, osseous structure, and phasic muscle activity plus the Windlass mechanism. This results in a Rigid Lever for efficient propulsion.
Term
Name 8 Ontogenic Dysfuncitons?
Definition
FF Varus, Equinas, FF Valgus, Plantarflexed 1st Ray, Medial Loading, Obesity, Tibial Valgus or Heel Valgus and Lateral Loading
Supporting users have an ad free experience!